
Book: ^ 

Copyright N" 

COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 



CONTEMPORARY BRITISH 
LITERATURE 

BIBLIOGRAPHIES AND STUDY OUTLINES 



BY 
JOHN MATTHEWS MANLY 

AND 

EDITH RICKERT 



m 



NEW YORK 

HARCOURT, BRACE AND COMPANY 

1921 



Ms 



COPYRIGHT, 19 2 1, BY 
HARCOURT, BRACE AND COMPANY, INC. 




SEP -' ■'^^■ 
g)CI.A624l59 



PLEASE READ THIS FIRST 

This book is intended as a tool for students and studious 
readers of Contemporary British literature. If the demand 
warrants, it will be followed by a similar book for American 
authors, and perhaps by a third on Continental literature. 

Our aim in making it is neither to reproduce the informa- 
tion available in books of the Who's Who type and in indexes 
to periodical Hterature nor to provide criticisms of authors 
and discussions of Hterary schools and movements. It is to 
suggest materials, outUnes, and methods of work, which will 
enable students to form intelligent judgments of individual 
authors and to discover and appraise for themselves the 
outstanding literary tendencies. In this way we hope to aid 
individual students in working out and applying their own 
standards of criticism — without which extensive reading is an 
injury rather than a benefit — and to leave the field clear for 
constructive criticism by teachers giving courses in the 
subject. 

The difficulties involved in making a book of this kind 
scarcely need explanation. A recent list of poets who have 
pubUshed in England since 191 2 contains more than a thou- 
sand names; and the compiler says that he has omitted as 
many more. The mmiber of works of fiction (excluding 
translations) published in the United Kingdom in 1920 is 
nearly one thousand. With all the help of periodical criticism 
it is impossible to be sure of including the best and only the 
best. We have tried to list all authors of possible importance 
to any student of current tendencies in hterature, taking too 
many rather than too few. Some Hving writers whose work 
belongs entirely to the Victorian period have been excluded. 
Some writers who have died since 19 14 have been included 
because their work is still a living influence. Samuel Butler 

iii 



has been a special problem, in that he is an astounding 
example of his own theory of "vicarious living." But he died 
in 1902, and his reputation passed its climax almost a decade 
ago; to include him seemed to involve the addition of a 
dozen other names of authors who still influence present 
work — notably, Gissing, Meredith, Francis Thompson, 
Synge, Hankin, Houghton, not to speak of Davidson, Swin- 
burne,. Sharp, Lionel Johnson, Ernest Dowson, Hubert 
Crackanthrope, and Oscar Wilde. For this reason, we have 
assumed that Butler will be studied among the forerunners 
whose work has helped to shape the present. 

The alphabetical arrangement of authors' names is supple- 
mented by the classified indexes beginning at p. 181. In the 
alphabetical list will be found under each name (i) Biograph- 
ical facts that help to interpret the author's work; (2) Sug- 
gestions for Reading; (3) Bibhography, complete only in 
the case of more important authors, representative in the 
case of minor authors; and (4) Studies and Reviews. 

As this book is planned for students, not for collectors, 
none of the bibliographies are complete. The following 
items have, except occasionally for special reasons been 
omitted: (i) books privately printed; (2) separate editions 
of works included in collected editions; (3) unimportant 
and inaccessible works; (4) works not belonging to hterature; 
(5) American editions, except where change of title is in- 
volved; (6) editions other than the first. Where only a few 
representative books are given, the list can usually be supple- 
mented from Who^s Who. Where an author's title does not 
at once make clear the nature of the book, a descriptive title 
(novel, play, etc.) has been added in parenthesis. Readers 
who have time for only a few of the volumes of a prolific 
author may read first the volumes marked with a star. It 
is not intended to suggest that some of the unstarred volumes 
are not equally interesting and important. 

It v/as manifestly impossible to include among Studies and 
Reviews even the most important notices of individual books. 
With the aid of the index to periodicals on p. xi the student 
can quickly find reviews of any particular work. For this 



reason we have limited the Hsts usually to the more important 
studies. When such general studies are rare or lacking, re- 
views of one or two characteristic books have been added, 
merely as a time-saving device for the student. Critical 
volumes containing studies of several authors are referred 
to by the writer's name, full titles being given on p. xiv f. Al- 
though it has seemed necessary to include the references to 
studies and reviews, it is earnestly recommended that the 
student use these, not to form his original impressions of an 
author, but only to reenforce or correct a judgment already 
formed; in other words, that these lists be used only after 
the authors themselves have been studied. 

A distinctive feature of the book is the Suggestions for 
Reading. These are given only in connection with authors 
who either need special discussion for their quality or influ- 
ence, or who present special problems or difficulties. These 
hints are not intended to be exhaustive, or to be carried out 
literally or in full by every student. The amount and char- 
acter of the work done must vary enormously with the equip- 
ment, background, and taste of the individual. We have tried 
to give hints that will meet a wide range of needs and — what 
is equally important — that will suggest further plans for 
work. The "Suggestions" are purposely varied in form and 
in content, partly because each author calls for an individual 
approach, and partly because any formulas of work that 
would apply to many authors would be mechanical and so 
stifle freshness of discussion and suppress initiative on the 
part of the student. 

As preliminary to the discussion of literature in England 
to-day, it is important to have some knowledge of the soil 
from which it has grown. It is the product not merely of the 
enormous pohtical, economic, and social developments of the 
past century, but also of several clearly-defined schools of 
philosophy and theories of technique worked out by fore- 
runners, to some extent in England and America but to a 
much greater extent on the Continent. 

Nietzsche's theory of a super-race and of the power of will, 
Ibsen's social criticism, Tolstoy's personal idealism, Maeter- 



linck's mysticism, William James's pragmatism, Bergson's 
theory of creative evolution and Freud's exploitation of the 
subconscious are all reflected. The novel is indebted to the 
gfeat Russians of the nineteenth century, Gogol, Tolstoi, Tur- 
genev, Dostoevsky, Gorky, Artzibasheff, and Andreev; to the 
great Frenchmen, "Stendhal," Balzac, Flaubert, Zola, France 
and RoUand; to the Dutchman, Huysmans; to the EngHsh- 
men, Meredith, Butler, and Gissing; and to the American, 
Henry James. The drama is indebted primarily to Ibsen, 
but the work of Strindberg, Maeterlinck, Brieux, Haupt- 
mann, Tchekov, Wilde, Houghton, and Synge must be taken 
into account. The growth of poetry has been continually 
further from Victorian traditions under the influence of Whit- 
man, the French symbolists, the new movements in art 
initiated by the Cubists, the opening up of exotic materials, 
chiefly Celtic and Oriental, and the work of such men as 
KipHng, and Masefield who are still contemporaries. 

For students who have not been able to work up thor- 
oughly the formative influences of present-day literature in 
England, the following bibliography may be of service: 

Bickley, Francis, John Millington Synge and the Irish Literary Movement, 

1912. 
Bourgeois, Maurice, John Millington Synge and the Irish Theatre, 19 13. 
Butler, Samuel, Erewhon, Notebooks, and The Way of All Flesh (with 

reference to H. Festing Jones, Life of Samuel Butler). 
Chandler, F. W., Aspects of Modern Drama, 19 16. (Bibliographical 

Appendix.) 
Dickinson, Thomas H., Chief Contemporary Dramatists, 191 5. 
George, W. L., Anatole France, 1915. 
Hale, E. E., Dramatists of Today (Rostand, Hauptmann, Sudermann, 

Maeterlinck, etc.), 191 1. 
Harris, Frank, Contemporary Portraits (two series), 1915, 1919- 
Heller, Otto, Prophets of Dissent, 19 18 (Nietzsche, Maeterlinck, Strind- 
berg, Tolstoy), 1918. 
Huneker, James, Egoists (Stendhal, Beaudelaire, France, Flaubert, 

Huysmans, Nietzsche, Ibsen), 1909. 
Jackson, Holbrook, All Manner of Folk, 191 2. Great English Novelists, 

1908. The Eighteen Nineties, 1913. 
James, Henry, Notes on Novelists (Balzac, Flaubert, Zola), 1914. 
Jameson, M. Storm, Modern Drama in Europe (Strindberg, Hauptmann, 

Barrie, Shaw, Galsworthy, etc.), 1920. 



Meynell, Everard, The Life of Francis Thompson^ 1913. 

Phelps, William Lyon, Essays on Russian Novelists, 191 1. 

Salter, W. M., Nietzsche as Thinker, 191 7. 

Santayana, George, Winds of Doctrine, 19 13. 

Shaw, George Bernard, The Quintessence of Ibsenism, 1891. 

Stewart, J. M'Kellar, Critical Exposition of Bergson's Philosophy, 191 1. 

Swinnerton, Frank, George Gissing, 191 2. 

Thomas, Edward, Algernon Charles Swinburne, a Critical Study, 191 2. 

Trevelyan, G. M., The Poetry and Philosophy of George Meredith, 1906. 

Wedmore, Sir Frederick, Life of Balzac, 1890. 

"West, Rebecca," Henry James, 1916. 

Zola, fimile, The Experimental Novel, 1894. 

Students who use this book without the guidance of an 
instructor will find it profitable, indeed necessary, to intro- 
duce some principle of limitation into the alphabetical list. 
From the classified indexes beginning at p. 181 it is possible 
to select for special study (i) according to form (novelists, 
poets, dramatists, essayists, etc.); (2) according to racial 
aflinity (English, Scotch, Irish, Welsh); (3) according to 
content (general range of subject-matter, including local 
color); (4) according to sex. It is possible also from the 
dates and biographical material supplied to choose between 
the older and younger among our contemporaries, or to fix 
upon a narrow range of work, as, for example, the Georgian 
Poets, the War poets, the Imagists. 

The following additional topics may meet special needs or 
appeal to special interests. 

I. For the drama 

1. The influence of Ibsen and Brieux on Shaw, and of Shaw 
on Barker, Galsworthy, and younger dramatists. Study both 
ideas and technique. 

2. The work of Wilde, Jones, and Pinero in contrast with 
that of Shaw and his followers. 

3. The character, personnel, and achievement of the pro- 
vincial dramatic movements carried on by the Abbey Theatre, 
Dublin, and by the Manchester Repertory Theatre. 

4. The technique of the one-act and two-act play. 

5. Social criticism and group psychology the characteristic 
features of the new drama. 

vii 



2. For the novel 

1. The influence of Samuel Butler (on Wells, Bennett, 
Cannan, and Beresford, especially). 

2. The influence of the Russians (on Conrad, Cannan, and 
Walpole, especially). 

3. The influence of the French (on Moore, Conrad, Ben- 
nett, Cannan, Mackenzie, and George, especially). 

4. Photographic realism. 

5. Four types of romance (Hudson [fiction only] Hewlett, 
Blackwood, and Wells [scientific fiction only]). 

6. AppHed psychology (Joyce, Richardson, Sinclair [Mary 
Olivier], and Wyndham Lewis [Tarr]). 

7. The Occult (Blackwood and Machen especially, also 
Evelyn Underhill and Mrs. Clifford [Miss Fingal]. 

8. The structure, scope, and range of the Georgian novel 
as compared with its Victorian predecessor. 

9. Social criticism in the novel (Wells, Galsworthy, Cannan, 
Johnston, Maugham, McKenna, ''E. M. Delafield," Ma- 
caulay, Jameson, Stern, especially). 

10. Journahsm in the novel (as affecting both content and 
method). 

3. For poetry 

1. The poetic range to-day (subject-matter and form). 

2. Poets of the Victorian school (Hardy, Bridges, Watson, 
Carpenter, and Hewlett, especially). 

3. Kipling, Masefield, and their followers. 

4. The Georgians (AberCrombie, Brooke, Drinkwater, 
Gibson, Davies, De la Mare, and ''Edward Eastaway," 
especially). 

5. The War Poets. 

6. The Imagists. 

7. The new rebeUion against old ideals (cf. especially 
collections published since 191 7). 

These topics, in connection with the indexes already men- 
tioned (pp. 181 ff.), should suggest other guiding lines in this 
modern maze, and will, it is hoped, aid students to become 



familiar with the most striking personalities and chief current 
tendencies in British Hterature. 

That there is a great stream of writers cannot be denied; 
that it is a stream of great writers cannot be declared. It is a 
great stream of small writers — writers of adequate, even 
brilliant, technique but, for the most part, without either the 
originaHty of view or the power of absorbing something of 
universal life into the individual, out of which great men are 
made. Among the scores of striking successes it is hard to 
find a dozen, much less a score, of authors who have any- 
thing of permanent value to contribute to literature, and 
of these the greater part are not the best known. 

For their kindness in reading the proofs and in making 
many helpful criticisms, we are greatly indebted to Professors 
Robert Herrick, Robert Morss Lovett, and David Allan 
Robertson, of the University of Chicago, and to Miss May 
Massee, of the American Library Association. We are also 
indebted to Mr. Robertson for a set of the bibhographical 
references prepared for the use of his classes. The exacting 
task of proof corrections has been lightened by the careful 
work of Mrs. E. N. Manchester in the verification of refer- 
ences and by the sympathetic aid of the publishers. 



INDEXES AND CRITICAL PERIODICALS 

Indexes 

(The initials following the titles of the periodicals refer to the indexes 
in which they are listed.) 

American Library Association (A. L. A.) Index, (to 1900) A. L. A. I. 

Supplement, 1901-1910 A. L. A. Supp. 

Annual Literary Index (1892-1904) A. L. I. 

Continued as Annual Library Index, 1905-1910 A. L. I. 

Dramatic Index, 1909- D.I. 

Pubhshed with Annual Magazine Subject Index. 
Magazine Subject Index: Boston, 1908 M. S. I. 

Continued by Annual Magazine Subject Index, 1909-.A. S. I. 

Poole's Index to Periodical Literature, 1802-1881 Poole 

Supplements, 1882-1906; 1907-1908 Poole Supp. 

Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature, 1900- R. G. 

Supplement 1907-1915, 1916-1919 R. G. Supp. 

Continued as International Index to Periodicals, 1921- . I. I. P. 

Periodicals 

Academy: London (ceased 1916) — Acad. 

American Catholic Quarterly Review: Philadelphia — Amer. Cath. Quar. 

Art and Letters: London. 

Athenaeum: London — Ath. — A. L. I. Combined with Nation (London), 

Feb. 19, 1921. 
Atlantic Monthly: Boston— Atlan.—R. G.; A. S. I. 
Bellman: Minneapolis, Minn, (ceased 1919). 
Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine: Edinburgh — Blackw. — R. G. S.; 

A. S. L 
Blast: London, Edited by Wyndham Lewis. 
Booklist (A. L. A.) : Chicago. 
Bookman: New York — Bookm. — ^R. G. 
Bookman: London — Bookm. (Lond.) — D. I.; A. S. I. 
Book Monthly: London. 
Book News: Philadelphia — Book News Mo. 
Boston Transcript: Boston — Bost. Trans. 
British Review: London — Brit. R. — A. S. I. 

With which is incorporated the Oxford and Cambridge Review. 
si 



British Weekly: London — Brit. Weekly. 

Buriington Magazine: London and New York — Burl. M. — D, I.; A. S. I. 

Catholic World: New York— Cath. World. 

Century: New York— Cent.— R. G. 

Chamber's Journal: London — Chamber's — D. I.; A. S. I. 

Chapbook (a Monthly Miscellany): London. 

Columbia University Quarterly: New York — Columbia Univ. Quar. 

Contemporary Review: New York — Contemp. — R. G.; A, S. I. 

Cornhill Magazine: London — Cornhill — D. I.; A. S. I. 

Craftsman: New York 

Includes some literary studies. 
Critic: New York— R. G. 
Current Literature: New York (name changed to Current Opinion, 1913) 

—Cur. Lit.— R. G. 
Current Opinion: New York — Cur. Op. — R. G. 
Dial: New York— Dial— R. G. 
Dome: London. 

Drama: Washington — Drama — R. G. S. 
Dublin Review: London— Dub. R.— D. I.; A. S. I.; R. G. S. 
Edinburgh Review: Edinburgh — Edin. R. 
Egoist: London (1914 ). 

Includes art, music, hterature, emphasizing especially new move- 
ments. 
English Review: London (1908- )— Eng. Rev.— R. G. S.; D. L; 

A. S. I. 
Everyman, his life, work, and books: London (191 2- ) 

Literature and international poHtics. 
Fortnightly Review: New York— For tn.—R. G.; A. S. I. 
Forum: New York— R. G.; A. S. I. 

Freeman: New York (1920 ). 

Graphic; an illustrated weekly newspaper: London. 

Harper's Magazine: New York — Harp. Mag. 

Hibbert Journal: London— Hibbert J.— R. G. S.; A. S. I. 

Philosophy. 
Illustrated London News: London. 
Independent: New York — Ind. — R. G. 
Irish Book Lover: DubUn. 
Irish Monthly: Dublin — Irish Mo. 
Literary Digest: New York — Lit. Digest — R. G. 
Little Review: Chicago. 
Living Age: Boston — Liv. Age — R. G. 

Reprints only from the best periodicals. 
London Mercury: London (1919 ) — Lond. Merc. 

Critical review, estabhshed in 1919, edited by J. C. Squire. 
London Quarterly Review: London — Lond. Quar. — R. G. S.; A. S. I. 
London Times Literary Supplement: London — ^Lond. Times — ^A. S. I. 



Manchester Guardian: Manchester, England — 

The best EngHsh provincial paper for reviews. 
Mask : London and Florence, Italy. 

Quarterly journal of art of the theater. 
Modern Language Review: Cambridge, England — Mod. Lang. Rev. — 

R. G. S.; A. S. L 
Nation: London — Nation (Lond.) — A. S. I. See Athenaeum. 
Nation: New York — Nation — R. G. 
National Review : London. 
New Age: London. 

New Republic: New York (1914- ) — New Repub. — R. G. 
New Statesman: London (1913- ) — New Statesman — R. G. S.; 

A. S. L 
New Witness: London. 
New York Eve. Post. 

New York Times Review of Books: New York — N. Y. Times. 
Nineteenth Century and After: New York— 19th Cent.— R. G.; A. S. I. 
North American Review: New York — No. Am. — R. G.; A. S. I. 
Outlook: New York. 
Owl: London. 

Poet Lore: Boston — Poet Lore — R. G. S. 
Poetry: Chicago — Poetry — R. G. 
Poetry Review : London — Poetry Rev. 
Punch: London. 

Quarterly Review: New York — Quar. — R. G.; A. S. I. 
Reveille: London. 

Devoted to disabled sailors and soldiers, 1918-1919. Edited by 
J. Galsworthy and S. Evans. 
The Review: New York — a weekly journal of poHtical and general dis- 
cussion. 

Changed its name June, 1920, to Weekly Review. 
Review of Reviews: London — R. of Rs. (Lond.) — A. S. I. 
Review of Reviews: New York — R. of Rs. — R. G. 
Revue des deux Mondes: Paris. 
Round Table: London— Round Table— A. S. I. 

A quarterly review of politics of British empire. 
Saturday Review: London — Sat. Rev. — A. S. I. 
Savoy: London. (1896 only). 
Scotsman: Edinburgh. 

Best Scottish paper for reviews. 
Sewanee Review: Sewanee, Tennessee. 
Spectator: London — Spec. — R. G. S.; A. S. I. 
Springfield Republican, Springfield, Mass. — Springfield Repub. 
Studies: Dublin — 

An Irish quarterly review of letters, philosophy, and science. 
Studio: an illustrated magazine of fine and applied art: London — A. S. I. 



Today: London. Edited by Holbrook Jackson. 

Touchstone: New York. 

Truth: London. 

Westminster Review — London — Westm. R. (ceased 1914). 

World Today: New York. 

World Tomorrow: New York. 

Yale Review: New Haven, Conn.— R. G. S. 

Yellow Book: London, (1894-1897). 



GENERAL WORKS OF REFERENCE 

(Referred to by the author's name, and, where necessary, abbreviated 

title.) 

Aiken, Conrad. Scepticisms, 19 19. 

Archer, William. Poets of the Younger Generation, 1902. 

Bennett, Arnold. Books and Persons, 191 7. 

Bibliography of Modem Poetry, 191 2-1920, compiled by "Recorder." 

Chapbook Poetry Bookshop: London. 
Bourgeois, Maurice. John M. Synge and the Irish Theatre, 1913. 
Boyd, Ernest A. Appreciations and Depreciations, 1918. 
Boyd, Ernest A. Ireland's Literary Renaissance, 1916. 
Boyd, Ernest A. The Contemporary Drama of Ireland, 191 7. 
Bulletin of Bibliography. Ed. F. W. Faxon, vols. 8-10. 
Clark, B. H. British and American Drama of Today, 1915. 
Collins, J. C. Studies in Poetry and Criticism, 1905. 
Cooper, F. T. Some English Story Tellers; a Book of the Younger 

Novelists, 191 2. 
Cunliffe, J. W. English Literature during the Last Half Century, 19 19. 
Dukes, Ashley. Modern Dramatists, 191 1. 
Dunn, Joseph, and Lennox, P. J. The Glories of Ireland, 1914. 
Figgis, Darrell. Studies and Appreciations, 191 2. 
FoUett, H. T., and W. Some Modern NoveUsts, 1918. 
Freeman, John. The Modems, 191 6. 
George, W. L. Dramatic Actualities, 1914. 
George, W. L. A Novelist on Novels, 19 18. 

Goldman, Emma. The Social Significance of the Modem Drama, 1914. 
Goldring, Douglas. Reputations: essays in criticism, 1920. 
Henderson, Archibald. European Dramatists, 1913. 
Jackson, Holbrook, The Eighteen Nineties, 1913. 
Jackson, Holbrook. All Manner of Folk, 191 2. 
James, Henry. Notes on Novelists, 1914. 

Johnson, R. Brimley. Some Contemporary Novelists (Women), 1920. 
Lewisohn, Ludwig. The Modern Drama, 1915. 
Littell, Philip. Books and Things, 1919. 
Mais, S. P. B. Books and Their Writers, 1920. 
Monro, Harold. Some Contemporary Poets, 1920. 
Moore, T. Sturge. Some Soldier Poets, 1920. 
Morris, L. R. Celtic Dawn, 191 7. 



Muddiman, Bernard. The Men of the Nineties: Being a Note on 
Some of the Writers of that Period, 1920. 

Newbolt, Sir Henry. A New Study of English Poetry, 191 7. 

Parker, W. M. Modern Scottish Writers, 191 7. 

Parsons, Mary P. The New Poetry (Study Outline Series), Wilson: 
New York. 

Phelps, W. L. The Advance of EngHsh Poetry in the Twentieth Cen- 
tury, 1 91 8. 

Phelps, W. L. The Advance of the English Novel, 1916. 

Russell, G. W. C'A. E."). Imaginations and Reveries, 1915. 

Scott, Dixon. Men of Letters, 1916. 

Sharp, E. A. William Sharp: A. Memoir, 1910. 

Squire, J. C. Books in General. First Series, 1918. Second Series, 1920. 

Sturgeon, Mary C. Studies of Contemporary Poets, 1916. 

Tynan, Katharine. Twenty-five Years, 1913. 

Waugh, Arthur. Tradition and Change, 1919. 

Weygandt, CorneHus. Irish Plays and Playwrights, 1913. 

Wilkinson, M. O. New Voices, 1919. 

Williams, Harold. Modern English Writers, 1918. 



XVI 



ANTHOLOGIES 

An Anthology of Modern Verse. Chosen by A, M. With an Introduc- 
tion by Robert Lynd. Methuen: London, 192 1. 
An Anthology of Recent Poetry. Selected by L. D'O. Walters. Harrap: 

London, 1920. 
Annual of New Poetry. Constable, 191 7. 
Book of Irish Poetry. Ed. by A. P. Graves, 191 5. 
Book of Modern British Verse. Ed. by W. S. Braithwaite. Small, 

Maynard, 1919. 
Book of Verse of the Great War. Ed. W. R. Wheeler. Yale University 

Press, 191 7. 
Cambridge Poets: 1910-1913; 1914-1920. Heffer: Cambridge. 
Catholic Anthology: 1914-1915. Elkin Mathews: London, 19 15. 
Des Imagistes: 1914. Poetry Bookshop: London, 1914. 
Dublin Book of Irish Verse: (1728-1909). Ed. by John Cooke. Dublin, 

1909. 
For Remembrance: Soldier Poets who have Fallen in the War. Ed. by 

St. John Adcock, 1918, 1920 (revised and enlarged). 
From the Front: Trench Poetry. Ed. C. E. Andrews. Appleton: New 

York. 1918. 
Georgian Poetry: 1911-1912; 1913-1915; 1916-1917; 1918-1919. Poetry 

Bookshop: London, 1913-1920. 
Haunted Hour: an Anthology. Ed. by Margaret Widdemer. Harcourt, 

Brace, 1920. 
Malory Verse Book: a Collection of contemporary poetry for school and 

general use. Ed. by E. Jenkinson. Stokes, 1919. 
Miscellany of British Poetry, 1919. Ed. by W. K. Seymour. Harcourt, 

Brace, 1920. 
Modern Anglo-Irish Verse. Ed. by Padric Gregory. Nutt: London, 19 14. 
Modern Book of English Verse. Ed. by R. Le Gallienne. Boni & 

Liveright, 1919. 
Modern British Poetry. Ed. by Louis Untermeyer. Harcourt, Brace, 

1920. 
Modern Poetry. Ed. by G. M. Pocock (King's Treasuries of Literature). 

Dent, 1920. 
New Numbers: a quarterly publication of the poems of John Drinkwater, 

Rupert Brooke, Lascelles Abercrombie, Wilfred Wilson Gibson. 

Gloucester, 1914. 



New Paths: 1917-1918. Ed by C W. Beaumont and M. T. H. Sadler. 

C. W. Beaumont: London, 1918. 
New Poetry. Ed. by Harriet Monroe and Alice Corbin Henderson. 

Macmillan, 191 7; new ed., 1920. 
New Songs; a Lyric Selection made by A. E. from Poems by Padraic 

Colum and others. Bullen: London, 1904. 
New Voices. Ed. by Marguerite Wilkinson. Macmillan, 1919; new ed., 

1920. 
Oxford Poetry: 1910-1913; 1914-1916; 1917-1919. Blackwell, 1920. 
Poems of the Great War. Published on behalf of the Prince of Wales 

National Relief Fund, 5th edition. London, 1914. 
Poems of the Great War ... on behalf of the Belgian Scholarship 

Committee. Ed. by J. W. Cunliffe. Macmillan: New York, 1916. 
Poems of Today: an Anthology. Published for the EngUsh Association. 

Sidgwick and Jackson, 1915. 
Poems of Wales. London, 191 5. 
Poetic Year for 191 6: a critical Anthology. Ed. by W. S. Braithwaite. 

Small, Maynard, 191 7. 
Selections from Modern Poets. Made by J. C. Squire. Seeker: London, 

1921. 
Soldier Anthology. Ed. by Boyd Cable. London, 191 7. 
Soldier Poets: Songs of the Fighting Men. London, 191 6. 
Soldier Poets: More Songs of the Fighting Men. 191 7. 
Some Imagist Poets: 1915, 191 6, 1917. Constable, 
The English Poets Vol. 5. Browning to Rupert Brooke. Ed. by 

T. H. Ward. Macmillan, 191 8. 
The Muse in Arms. Ed. by E. B. Osbom. Murray, 191 7-1 919. 
The Oxford Book of EngUsh Mystical Verse. Ed. by D. H. S. Nicholson 

and A, H. E. Lee, 191 7. 
The Poets and Poetry of the Nineteenth Century. Ed. by Alfred H. 

Miles. Routledge: London. Button: New York. 
Treasury of War Poetry. British and American. Ed by G. H. Clarke. 

Houghton, first series, 191 7; second series, 19 19. 
Valour and Vision: Poems of the War. Ed. by Jacqueline T. Trotter, 

1920. 
Wheels: 1916, 191 7, 1918, 1919, 1920. Oxford. 



CONTEMPORARY BRITISH 
LITERATURE 

Lascelles Abercrombie — ^poet, critic. 

Born in Cheshire, 1881. He had a scientific training at 
Victoria University, Manchester, and is now lecturer on 
poetry at Liverpool University. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Observe that his inspirations are all literary or philo- 
sophical or religious in origin. Try to phrase the idea that 
gave conception to each of his poems. 

2. Observe the impersonality of his work. 

3. Note examples of the deliberate artistry of his style. 
Set over against splendidly vivid passages others in which 
there seems to be a straining after unusual effects and word 
combinations. 

4. Make a special study of his metrical experiments. 

5. His criticisms of his contemporaries are worth careful 
study. 

Bibliography 

* Interludes and Poems. 1908. 
Mary and the Bramble. 1910. 
The Sale of St. Thomas. 191 1. 
Emblems of Love. 191 2. 
Thomas Hardy. 191 2. (Criticism.) 

* Deborah. 19 13. (Play.) 
Speculative Dialogues. 1913. 
The Epic. 1914. (Criticism.) 

Phonetics and Poetry, Eng. Rev. 13. C13): 418. 
Also in: Georgian Poetry, 1911-12, 1913-15, 1916-17. 
New Numbers. 19 14. 



Lascelles Abercrombie — Continued 

Studies and Reviews 

Cunliffe. Forum, 39 ('08): 526. 

Sturgeon. Liv. Age, 289 ('16): 374. 

Williams. Lond. Times, Sept. 14, 1911:332. 

No. Am. 198 ('13): 377. 
Fortn. loi ('14): 498. 

"A. E." See George William Russell. 

James Evershed Agate — critic, novelist. 

Born 1877. Educated at Giggleswick Grammar School. 
Dramatic critic for the Manchester Guardian, 1907-14. Served 
in France, 19 16-18. Lives in France. 

Bibliography 

L. of C. 191 7. (Lines of communication.) 
Buzz, Buzz. 1918. (Dramatic criticisms.) 
Responsibility. 1910. (Novel.) 

Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 1919, 2: 1304. Lond. Times, Nov. 6, 1919: 629. 

1920, i: 79. Nation, no ('20): 772. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 55 ('18): 74. N. Y. Times, 25 ('20): 252. 

Dial, 69 ('20): 102. Review, 2 ('20): 573. 

Everyman, 15 ('19): 188. Sat. Rev. 128 ('19): 535. 

Richard Aldington — ^poet. 

Born 1892. Educated at London University. Assistant 
editor of The Egoist, in which most of his poems and criticism 
are to be found. As Aldington is one of the leaders of the 
Imagists, read his discussion on Imagism in The Egoist, 
I ('14): 202. See also the notes by F. S. Flint and Ezra 
Pound, Poetry, i ('i2-'i3): 198, which are summarized 
thus: 

I. "An ' Image' is that which presents an intellectual and 
emotional complex in an instant of time." The instantaneous 
presentation of such an image gives the sense of liberation 
from limits of space and time and that sense of sudden growth 



Richard Aldington — Continued 

which we experience in the presence of great art. " It is better 
to produce one Image in a lifetime than to produce volu- 
minous works." 

2. Treat the "thing," that is, the Image, "directly," 
whether it is subjective or objective. " Go in fear of abstrac- 
tions; " that is, use concrete images, having the "hardness 
as of cut stone." 

3. "Use absolutely no word that" does "not contribute to 
the presentation." "Use either no ornament or good orna- 
ment." Do not "mop up the particular decorative vocabu- 
lary of some one or two poets that you happen to admire." 

4. Study Sappho, Catullus, Villon, Dante, Heine and 
Gautier (sometimes), and Chaucer, especially. 

5. Do not attempt philosophical or descriptive poetry. 

6. "Compose in sequence of the musical phrase, not in 
sequence of the metronome." 

7. Study "cadences," the finest that you can discover, 
"preferably in a foreign language so that the meaning of the 
words may be less likely to divert" your " attention from the 
movement." Saxon charms, Hebridean folk songs, Dante, 
and the lyrics of Goethe and Shakespeare (apart from their 
meaning) are especially recommended. 

8. Study the possibilities of verse forms as the musician 
studies musical construction. "The same laws govern, and 
you are bound by no others." In other words, the recognized 
metrical standards in English do not hold. 

The following general references on Imagism may be useful: 

Braithwaite, W. S. Anthology of Morris, L. R. The Young Idea, 

Magazine Verse. 1915. Intro- pp. 100 ff. 

duction, pp. xxi £f. Some Imagist Poets, 1915, 1916. 

Lowell, Amy. Tendencies in Mod- Wilkinson, pp. 83 ff. 

ern American Poetry. 191 7. 

Atlan. 117 ('16): 487; 118 ('16): Nation, loi ('15): 458; 102 ('16): 

430, 217; 104 ('17): 43- 

Cath. World, 107 ('18): 620. New Repub. 3 ('15): 75; i54, 204; 

Dial, 62 ('17): 125 (Colum.). 5 ('15,: Pt. 2, Nqv. 20, 6 ('16): 



17S. 



3 



Richard Aldington — Continued 
Suggestions for Reading 

1. Consider (i) whether the Imagists live up to their 
theories; (2) how far these theories are true; and (3) how 
far they are new. 

2. Consider the range of the "complexes" presented by 
each of the Imagists. How does their microscopy affect the 
art of these poets? 

3. Consider the originality (or lack of it) of the Imagists. 
Do you think they are really making "discoveries" in poetry? 

4. Make a special study of their " cadences." If you under- 
stand music, try to analyze their rhythms in terms of music. 

5. Is it true that "At least they do keep bad poets from 
writing "? Are they likely to have any permanent effect upon 
EngHsh poetry? If so, what? 

6. Read Aldington himself in the light of this discussion 
of Imagism. 

Bibliography 

Images Old and New. 19 15. 
War and Love. 1915-18. 1919. 
Images of War, 19 19. 
Images of Desire. 1920. 
Also in: Des Imagistes. 19 14. 

Some Imagist Poets. 19 15-19 16. 

Studies and Reviews 

Moore. N. Y. Eve. Post, Nov. i, 1919: 2. 

R. of Rs. 60 ('19): 446. 
Dial, 66 ('19): 576. Springfield Repub. June 20, 1919, 

Egoist, 2 ('15): 77, 159- (Portrait.) p. 6. 

Mrs. Richard Aldington (Helen Doolittle; writes as "H. 
D.") —poet. 

American born, but included as the wife of Richard Alding- 
ton (q. v.). Her work is regarded as among the finest in 
quality produced by the Imagists. 

For Suggestions for Reading, see Richard Aldington. 

4 



Mrs. Richard Aldington — Continued 

Bibliography 

Sea Garden. 1916. 

Also in: Des Imagistes. 1914. 

Some Imagist Poets. 1915; 1916. 

The Egoist. (Passim.) 



Studies and Reviews 

Lowell, Amy, Tendencies in Mod- Bookm. (Lond.) 51 ('17): 132. 

em American Poetry, 1917. Chapbook, 2 ('20'): No. 9, p. 22 

Untermeyer, Louis, New Era in (Flint). 

American Poetry, 1919. Egoist, 2 ('15): 72 (Flint); 88 (May 

Sinclair). 



William Archer — critic and journalist. 

Born at Perth, Scotland, 1856. Educated at Edinburgh 
University. Barrister of the Middle Temple, 1883. Began 
journalism in Edinburgh, 1875. Travelled in Australia, 
1876-77. Settled in London, 1878. Dramatic critic of the 
Figaro, 1879-81. Dramatic critic of the World, 1884-1905; 
then of the Tribune, the Nation, and the Star. Edited and 
translated Ibsen. Volumes of special interest to the student 
are listed below: 

Bibliography 

Masks or Faces: a Study in the Psychology of Acting. 1888. 

America Today. 1900. 

Poets of the Younger Generation. 1901. 

Real Conversations. 1904. 

A National Theatre Scheme and Estimates. 1907 (With Granville 

Barker.) 
Play-Making. 191 2. 
God and Mr. Wells. 191 7 (Reply to Wells's God the Invisible King.) 

Studies and Reviews 

For. 27 ('99): 375. Sat Rev. 88 ('99): 643. 

Liv. Age, 303 ('19): 150. 



Winifred Ashton ("Clemence Dane") — novelist. 

Brought up in the country. Educated at three big schools 
in England. Spent a year in Dresden. At sixteen taught 
French in Geneva. For three years studied painting at the 
Slade School of Art; but did not make a success of it. Then 
was on the stage for four or five years until her health failed. 
Then she took to writing. She reads enormously. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Begin with Legend; and decide whether it is a work of 
genius or a tour de force. 

2. What are the special merits and special defects of the 
technical device on which the story is built, conversation 
among the heroine's friends at the time of her death? 

3. Are the characters ahve? Are the men or the women 
better drawn? 

4. Is the idea on which the novel is founded worth carrying 
out? Do you see any other way in which it might have been 
done as well? 

5. Then read the other novels, and point out how the same 
original streak is to be found in them. In what respects do 
they impress you as truly observed and felt, and in what 
ways as flights of an exuberant imagination? 

6. What is your idea of the author's promise? 

Bibliography 

Regiment of Women. 191 7. 

First the Blade. 1918. 

Legend. 1920. 

A Bill of Divorcement. 1921. (Play.) 

Studies and Reviews 

Johnson, R, Brimley. Chapbook, 2 ('20): no. 8, 20. 

Mais. Dial, 68 ('20): 523. 

London Times, Nov. 13, 1919: 649. 

Ath. 1919, 2: 1289. Nation, no ('20): 240. 

Bookm. 51 ('20): 202. N. Y. Times, 25 ('20): 50, 190. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 52 ('17): 3. Outlook, 124 ('20): 430. 

(Portrait.) Review, 2 ('20): 334. 

Bost. Trans. May i, 1920: 10. Sat. Rev. 129 ('20): 40. 



Francis William Bain — man of letters. 

Born in Scotland, 1863. Educated at Westminster School 
and Oxford. Has lived many years in India; is principal and 
professor of history and political economy in Deccan College, 
Poona. His work is an effort at a direct interpretation of the 
Hindu mind into English by means of stories. The following 
books are representative: 

A Digit of the Moon. 1901. 
A Heifer of the Dawn. 1904. 
The Substance of a Dream. 1918. 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 57 ('20): 133; 198. Quar. 203 ('05): 47. 
(Portrait.) 

(Mrs.) Elizabeth (Leopold) Baker. 

Began as a typist in the office of the Spectator. Has written 
plays of suburban and business life in London which won high 
praise for their faithfulness. Representative are: 

* Chains. 1910. 
Miss Tassey. 19 13. 
The Price of Thomas Scott. 1913. 
Miss Robinson. 1920. 

Studies and Reviews 

Clark. Graphic, 81 ('10): 776. 

Illus. Lond. News, 136 ('10): 842. 
Ath. 1 910, i: 651. . New Statesman, 15 ('20): 654. 

Bookm. 36 ('13): 640. Spec. 104 ('10): 845. 

" W. N. P. Barbellion." See Bruce Frederick Cummings. 

The Hon. Maurice Baring — journaHst, poet, dramatist. 

Born 1874. Educated at Eton and Cambridge. Entered 
the diplomatic service, 1898. Served at Paris, Copenhagen, 
Rome. In the Foreign Ofi&ce, at London, 1903-14. Corre- 
spondent of the Morning Post in Manchuria, 1904; in Russia, 
1905-06; at Constantinople, 1909; of the Times in the Bal- 

7 



The Hon. Maurice Baring — Continued 

kans, 191 2. Served in the War, 1914-1919. Representative 

books are: 

Orpheus in Mayfair: 1909. (Short Stories.) 

Dead Letters. 19 10. (Humorous.) 

Diminutive Dramas. 1910. 

Collected Poems. 191 1. 

The Grey Stocking and Other Plays. 191 2. 

Lost Diaries. 19 13. 

The Mainspring of Russia. 1914. 

English Landscape: an Anthology. 1916. 

Poems. 1914-1917; 1918. 

Translations Ancient and Modern. 1919. 

Diminutive Dramas. 1919. (New Series.) 

R. F. C, H. Q. 1914-1918. 1920. 

For complete bibliography to 1920, cf. Lond. Mercury 2 ('20): 346. 



Studies and Reviews 

Mais. Dublin R. 167 ('20): 282. 

Lond. Mercury. 3 ('21): 671. 
Bookm. (Lond.) 43 ('13): 249. Lond. Times, May 20, 1920: 316. 
(Portrait.) Spec. 122 ('19): 666. 



(Harley) Granville Barker— dramatist. 

Born in 1877. Actor and manager. In 1904 he combined 
with Vedrenne in the management of the Court Theatre, 
to produce unconventional plays that could not find place on 
the commercial stage. These plays were chiefly by Conti- 
nental writers, especially Ibsen, and by Shaw. Barker was 
the original Eugene, Brassbound, Napoleon, and Frank, in 
Shaw's plays. He experimented with Gordon Craig in top 
lighting and impressionistic scenery, and produced an acting 
version of Hardy's Dynasts (cf. Hardy) in 1914. 

Suggestions for Reading 

I. Note that Barker, with a thoroughly practical knowl- 
edge of the stage, deliberately and continually experiments 

8 



Granville Barker — Continued 

in breaking stage conventions. Before reading his work, it is 
well to list the chief commonplaces of the older drama which 
are cast aside by Barker. The following list of these common- 
places furnishes a starting-point: 

a. Continual movement of plot and action on the 
stage. 

b. Exposition in the first scene, usually by minor char- 
acters, of the situation out of which the plot develops. 

c. Artificial balance of plot and sub-plot, and of characters, 
as in using a light comedy plot to relieve a serious com- 
edy, with corresponding pairs of lovers, in having a 
villain over against the hero or heroine, a confidant 
for each of the principal persons, etc. 

d. Fixed ideas of grouping and of placing characters on the 
stage. 

e. Narrow range of settings and situations. 

/. Entrances and exits all in accordance with fixed ideas of 
effective curtains; a special gathering of all characters 
at the end of the play. 

g. Dialogue restricted to the needs of the action, with 
conventional speeches for crises, stock gestures, etc. 

h. A long list of conventional devices (business) for devel- 
oping the plot, such as writing and receiving letters, 
soliloquies, hiding behind screens, overhearing, etc. 

2. Try to phrase the theme of each play, and then note how 
much extraneous discussion is introduced, and how far it is 
related to the theme, and how the action furthers the theme. 

3. Arrange the characters of a play in groups according to 
their relationships and study them not only as individuals 
but as members of a family or a social set. Study the traits 
they have in common and their peculiarities as individuals. 
Draw conclusions as to Barker's knowledge of human nature. 

4. Study his technique of character development. Note, 
for example, instances of self-explanation, of explanation by 
other characters, of exposition by looks only, by action or 
gesture, or by words uttered, and of direct exposition in the 
detailed stage directions. 

9 



Granville Barker — Continued 

5. Study the dialogue, noting how far it is a mere record of 
everyday speech, how far it is a concentration for dramatic 
purpose of daily speech, and how far it is made brilliant by 
the wit and philosophy of the author. 

6. It is interesting to Hst Barker's complete departures 
from dramatic conventions and discuss how many of them 
succeed. 

7. Discover how Barker has been influenced by Meredith, 
by Hauptmann, by Tchekov, and by Shaw. 

Bibliography 

The Marrying of Ann Leete. 1901. 

* The Voysey Inheritance. 1905. 

Prunella. 1906. (With Lawrence Housman.) 

* Waste. 1907. 

A National Theatre. 1907. (With WilHam Archer.) 
Three Plays. 1909. (The Marrying of Ann Leete, The Voysey 
Inheritance, Waste.) 

* The Madras House. 1910. 

Anatol. 191 1. (Paraphrase from Schnitzler.) 

The Morris Dance. 1916. (Dramatization of Stevenson's The Wrong 

Box.) 
The Weather Hen. (With Berte Thomas.) 
Souls on Fifth. 19 16. (Short story.) 
The Red Cross in France. 191 6. 

Three Short Plays. 191 7. (Rococo, Vote by Ballot, Farewell to 
the Theatre.) 

The Harlequinade. 1918. (With Dion Clayton Calthrop.) 
The Only Possible Theatre. 
Miss Adelaide Bathurst, and other stories. 

Studies and Reviews 

Clark. Bookm. (Lond.) 45 ('13): 45 

Henderson. 46 ('14): i53- (Portraits.) 

Jamison. Drama, 8, ('18): 284. 

Scott. Fortn. 100 ('13): 100, 476. 

Forum, 45 ('11): 707. 
Ath. 1909, 2: 371. Lit. Digest, 50 ('15): 374. 

Bookm. 35 ('12): 126, 195. Liv. Age, 280 ('14): 225. 

R. of Rs. SI ('is): 498. 



Sir James (Matthew) Barrie— novelist, dramatist. 

Born in Kirriemuir ( = Thrums), Scotland, i860. Educated 
at Edinburgh University. Went to London and began 
journalism in 1885, and his life since then seems to have been 
little more than a series of successful literary experiments. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Separate Barrie the novelist and short-story writer, who 
belongs to the 19th century, from Barrie the dramatist, who 
belongs to the 20th. Decide for yourself which field is his 
true metier. 

2. As noveUst and story-writer Barrie is the founder of the 
modern ''Kailyard School," with its intimate revelation of 
the life and thought of the Scottish Lowland peasantry. 
Consider how far the immediate popularity of his work was 
due to the freshness of the material (long since staled by much 
imitation) and how far to its quality of finding the universal 
in particular aspects of human nature. 

3. Do the plots of his stories add to, or lessen, the final 
value of his production? 

4. In the plays are we primarily interested in the plots, in 
the characters as characters, in the general aspects of hmnan 
nature as presented, in the sudden turns of fancy and humor, 
or in what combination of these elements? 

4. Is there a complex Barrie-ism, which sets this author 
apart from his contemporaries to such a degree that you could 
almost certainly detect it in an unidentified page of his writ- 
ing? If you think so, try to analyze it. Consider as possible 
elements in it the following qualities: (a) unexpected associa- 
tion of ideas; (b) humor and sentiment never far apart; 
(c) a mixture of childlike curiosity about life with worldly 
wisdom; (d) simplicity masking wit. Add other qualities 
that you observe. 

Bibliography 

Better Dead. 1887. 

Auld Licht Idylls. 1888. 

An Edinburgh Eleven. (Biographical sketches.) 1888. 



Sir James Barrie — Continued 

When a Man's Single. 1888. 

* A Window in Thrums. 1889. 
My Lady Nicotine. 1890. 

* The Little Minister. 1891. 

The Professor's Love Story. 1895. (Play.) 

Sentimental Tommy. 1896. (Novel.) 

Margaret Ogilvie. 1896. (Biography of his mother.) 

The Little Minister. 1897. (Dramatization of the novel.) 

Tommy and Grizel. (Sequel to Sentimental Tommy.) 1900. 

The Wedding Guest. 1900. (Play.) 

The Little White Bird. 1902. (Cf. Peter Pan.) 

Quality Street. 1901. (Play.) 

The Admirable Crichton. 1903. (Play.) 

Little Mary. 1903. (Play.) 

* Peter Pan. 1904. (Dramatized from The Little White Bird.) 
Alice-Sit-by-the-Fire. 1905. (Play.) 

Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens. 1906. 

What Every Woman Knows. 1908. (Play.) 

Peter and Wendy. (Sequel to Peter Pan.) 191 1. 

The Legend of Leonora; The Will. 1913. (Plays.) 

Half Hours. 1913. (Plays: Pantaloon; The Twelve-pound Look; 

Rosalind; The Will.) 
Der Tag. 1914. (Play.) 
Rosy Rapture. 1915. (Play.) 
A Kiss for Cinderella. 1916. (Play.) 
Seven Women. ^917- 1 /pi„„„A 

Dear Brutus. j ^^^^^^'^ 

Echoes of the War. 1918. (Plays: The Old Lady Shows Her 

Medals; The New Word; Barbara's Wedding; A Well-remembered 

Voice.) 
The Truth about the Russian Dancers. 1920. 
Mary Rose. 1920. (Play.) 

Studies and Reviews 

Clark. (Barker; (illustrated;) 55 ('18): 

Jamison. 103; Christmas Number, 1920. 

Parker. Cent. 88 ('14): 801. (Illustrated.) 

Scott. Cur. Lit. 40 ('06): 409, 524- 

Cur. Op. 67 ('19): 325. 
Bellman, 22 ('17): 709. Fortn. 85 ('06): 920. 

Bookm. 32 ('10): 308; 44 ('17): Ind. 97 ('19): 264. 

628; 48 ('19): 765. Lit. Digest, 49 ('14): 643. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 39 ('10): 12 New Repub. 18 ('19): 186. 

Rev. I ('19): 20. 



Max Beerbohm — essayist, man of letters. 

Born in London, 1872. Half-brother of Sir Herbert 
Beerbohm Tree, the actor. Educated at the Charterhouse 
School and Oxford. An extremely clever caricaturist. Lives 
in Italy. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Remember, as fundamental, that Beerbohm^s chief 
interest is in the play of ideas for their own sake. This atti- 
tude accounts for his perversity in dealing with accepted 
values (his emphasis of trifles and his apparent slighting of 
matters of importance), and for the continual undercurrent 
of irony. 

2. Note that he is completely sophisticated; that he de- 
liberately hmits his material to the literary and artistic in- 
terests of the man about town and writes about them as if 
nothing else existed. 

3. Study his writing and his drawing together and see how 
each helps to explain the other. 

4. What is his attitude toward the objects of his 
satire? 

5. Study his choice of words, imagery, color, figures, allu- 
sions, and other devices by which he secures artistry in 
style. 

Bibliography 

* Works of Max Beerbohm. 1896. 
Caricatures of Twenty-five Gentlemen. 1896. 

The Happy Hypocrite. (A Fairy Tale for Tired Men.) 1897. 

More. 1899. (Essays.) 

The Poet's Corner. 1904. (Caricatures.) 

A Book of Caricatures. 1907. 

Yet Again. 1909. (Essays.) 

Zuleika Dobson; or, an Oxford Love Story. 191 1. 

A Christmas Garland. 191 2. (Parodies.) 

The Second Childhood of John Bull. 191 2. (Cartoons.) 

Fifty Caricatures. 1913. 

Catalogue of an Exhibition of Cartoons by Max Beerbohm. 1913. 

* Seven Men. 1919. (Short stories.) 
And Even Now. 1920. (Essays.) 

13 



Max Beerbohm — Continued 

Studies and Reviews 

Jackson (All Manner of Folk). Dial, 70 ('21): 177. 

Littell. New Repub. i ('15): Jan, 30, p. 

Scott. 26; 21 ('19-20): 386. 

New Statesman, 16 ('20): 339. 
Bookm. (Lond.) 40 ('11): 194, 201 N. Y. Times, 26 ('21): 9. 
(portraits); 57 ('20): 139. 

Sir John Hay Beith (" Ian Hay ") — novelist, dramatist. 

Born in 1876. Educated at Cambridge. Served in the 
War. His humor brought instant popularity to his war 
books. Characteristic books are: 

Pip. 1907. 

Happy-Go-Lucky. 1913. (Cf, Tilly-of-Bloomsbury.) 

The Lighter Side of School Life. 19 14. 

The First Hundred Thousand. 191 5. (War sketches.) 

Carrying On. 191 7. (War sketches.) 

The Last Million. 1918. (War sketches.) 

Tilly-of-Bloomsbury. 1919. (Play; in America, Happy-Go-Lucky.) 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 52 ('17): 37. Book News Mo. 35 ('17): 264. 

(Joseph) Hilaire (Pierre) Belloc — man of letters, journalist. 
Born in 1870 near Paris. Four of his great-uncles were 
generals under Napoleon; his grandfather was an artist and 
curator of the Luxembourg Museum; his grandmother, the 
daughter of an Irishman in the French army. His father was 
a barrister, and his mother came of intellectual stock. As a 
child, after his father's death, he was taken to England and 
brought up in Sussex (cf. his poem "The South Country"). 
He is a Roman Catholic and came strongly under the influence 
of Newman, whom he knew at Edgbaston Oratory. Served 
his term in the French army as a French citizen, and after- 
ward walked across the Alps to Rome. Took his degree at 
Oxford. Became a naturalized Enghshman in 1903. An 
ardent Liberal. M. P. 1906-10. Is intensely interested in 
outdoor life, riding, swimming, sailing, military science, and 

14 



Hilaire Belloc — Continued 

topography. Among authors who have especially influenced 
his work are Bunyan, Swift, Defoe, Mallock (author of The 
New Republic) J and Flaubert. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Be prepared to be continually surprised as to content 
and style. Do not assume that there is anything that Belloc 
cannot write and write well; but note the penalties of this 
extreme energy and fluency, and do not expect to find much 
finished art. 

2. It has been said, however, that Belloc has written one of 
the perfect poems in EngUsh. Find one, if you can, that you 
think warrants the praise. 

3. Study the play of mind in The Path to Rome. Note the 
literary sources, the effect of education and life experience, 
the temperamental associations of ideas, the humor, the 
imagination, the affectations and mannerisms, the gems of 
stories in the rough rock of the narrative. Try to sum up 
from this book the sources of Belloc's charm, and at the same 
time, decide if you can why he does not stand and will not 
stand in the front rank of writers. 

4. If you are familiar with English politics, study Em- 
manuel Burden as a political satire and tragedy, and decide 
whether the combination is a success. Note the illustrations 
by Chesterton. 

Bibliography 

Verses and Sonnets. 1895. 
The Bad Child's Book of Beasts. 1896. 
More Beasts for Worse Children. 1897. 
The Modern Traveller. 1898. 
Paris. 1900. 
* The Path to Rome. 1902. 
Caliban's Guide to Letters. 1903. 

Emmanuel Burden. 1904. (.Novel; illustrated by Gilbert K. Ches- 
terton.) 
The Old Road. 1904. (Essays.) 
Esto Perpetua. 1906. (Travel.) 
The Hills and the Sea. 1906. (Travel.) 

IS 



Hilaire Belloc — Continued 

The Historic Thames. 1907. 

The Eye Witness. 1908. (Historical studies.) 

On Nothing. 1908. 

Mr. Clutterbuck's Election. 1908. (Novel.) 

The Pyrenees. 1909. 

On Everything. 1909. 

Pongo and the Bull. 1910. (Novel.) 

The Girondin. 1910. (Novel.) 

On Anything. 19 10. 

Verses. 1910. 

Socialism and the Servile State. 191 1. 

First and Last. 191 1. (Essays.) 

The Four Men: A Farrago. 191 2, 

The Green Overcoat. 191 2. (Novel.) 

The Servile State. 191 2. 

The River of London. 1913. 

Turcoing. 1913. 

The Hilaire-Belloc Calendar. 1913. 

A Picked Company. 191 5. (Selections.) 

For complete bibliography, cf. Lond. Mercury 1 ('20): 366. 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 49 ('15): 37- (H- Cur. Op. 62 ('17): 204. 

lustrated.) Liv. Age, 281 ('14): 606; 289 

Cath. World, no ('19): 145; 112 ('16): 93. 

('20): 86. Nation, 95 ('12): 477. 
Cent. 94 ('17): 829. (Portrait.) 

(Enoch) Arnold Bennett— novelist, journalist, dramatist. 

Born in 1867, son of a solicitor in the "potteries." His 
Five Towns are Newcastle-under-Lyme, Stoke, Longton, 
Burslem, and Tunstall. Educated there and at the University 
of London. Studied law, first in his father's ofi&ce, then in 
London, until he had made a beginning as a free-lance jour- 
nalist. His first newspaper work was done on the Stafford- 
shire Sentinel; later, he became sub-editor of Woman^ and 
contributor to the Academy. He made a position in miscel- 
laneous journaUsm, book reviews, dramatic criticisms, etc., 
before he turned seriously to literature. In 1900 he went to 
live at Fontainebleau, and remained there until 1908, marry- 
ing a Frenchwoman. 

16 



Arnold Bennett — Continued 

He is interested in the arts allied to literature, has a 
knowledge of music, and paints in water colors. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Draw sharp hnes, by means of the bibliography, between 
his practical journalism, his fantastic and melodramatic 
novels, which were pot-boilers, his plays, written for commer- 
cial, not dramatic, reasons, and his serious fiction, the best 
of which is associated with the Five Towns. 

2. Note his photographs of people and backgrounds in the 
Five Towns. Observe his use of plan, his method of shifting 
the point of view, his choice of details. List details which 
could have been noted only by one long familiar with what 
he describes. 

3. Consider by what methods he suggests the peculiar at- 
mosphere, physical and mental, of the Five Towns, and by 
what methods he makes us feel that it is the universal atmos- 
phere in industrial towns. 

4. Notice the elaboration with which characters are pre- 
sented and analyzed, and the insight shown into many types 
of commonplace persons living commonplace lives in a typical 
industrial town. In this finding of the universal in the com- 
monplace is Bennett's main strength. 

5. Observe the prosaic pedestrianism of much of his writ- 
ing, and look for passages in which he is swept by emotion into 
a more rhythmical and distinguished style. 

6. Observe his detachment from his material, and the 
absence alike of propaganda and of definitely-phrased phi- 
losophy. His primary concern is to present the universal 
phases of experience that he has watched in concrete form in 
the distinctive setting of his native place. 

Bibliography 

Journalism for Women. 1898. 
A Man from the North. 1898. (Novel.) 
PoUte Farces for the Drawing-Room. 1899. 
Sidney Yorke's Friend. 1901. (Boy's book.) 

17 



Arnold Bennett — Continued 

Fame and Fiction, 1901. 

* Anna of the Five Towns: A Novel. 1902. (Cf. Cupid and Common- 

sense.) 
The Grand Babylon Hotel: A Fantasia on Modern Themes. 

1902. 
The Gates of Wrath: A Melodrama. 1903. 
The Truth about an Author. 1903. (Autobiography, published 

anonymously.) 
Leonora: A Novel. 1903. 

How to Become an Author: A Practical Guide. 1903. 
A Great Man: A Frolic. 1904. 

Teresa of Watling Street: A Fantasia on Modern Themes. 1904. 
The Loot of Cities: Being the Adventures of a Millionaire in Search of 

Joy: A Fantasia. 1904. 
Tales of the Five Towns. 1905. 

Sacred and Profane Love: A Novel in Three Episodes. 1905. (Re- 
vised edition =The Book of Carlotta. 191 1.) 
Hugo: A Fantasia on Modern Themes. 1906. 
Whom God Hath Joined. 1906. (Novel.) 
Things That Interested Me: Being Leaves from a Journal Kept by 

Arnold Bennett. 1906. (Privately printed.) 
The Ghost: A Fantasia on Modern Times. 1907. 
The Grim Smile of the Five Towns. 1907. 
The City of Pleasure: A Fantasia on Modern Themes. 1907. 
The Reasonable Life: Being Hints for Men and Women. 1907. 

(Cf. Mental Efficiency.) 
How to Live on Twenty-Four Hours a Day. (?First published, 1907; 

2d ed. 1912.) 

* Buried Alive: A Tale of These Days. 1908. (Cf. The Great Adven- 

ture.) 

* The Old Wives' Tale: A Novel. 1908. 
The Human Machine. 1908. 

Cupid and Commonsense: A Play in Four Acts. 1909. (Dramatized 

from Anna of the Five Towns.) 
The Glimpse: an Adventure of the Soul. 1909. 
Literary Taste: How to Form it. 1909. 
What the Public Wants: A Play in Four Acts. 1910. 
Helen with the High Hand: An Idyllic Diversion. 1910. 
Clayhanger. 1910. (Trilogy, vol. I.) 
The Honeymoon : A Comedy in Three Acts. 191 1. 
The Card : A Story of Adventure in the Five Towns. 191 1 . ( = Denry 

the Audacious.) 
Hilda Lessways. 191 1. (Trilogy, vol. II.) 
The Feast of St. Friend. 191 1. (A Christmas book.) 

* The Matador of the Five Towns. 191 2. (Short stories.) 

18 



Arnold Bennett — Continued 

Mental Efficiency, and Other Hints to Men and Women. igi2. (An 
expanded edition of The Reasonable Life.) 

Milestones: A Play in Three Acts. 191 2. (With Edward Knoblauch.) 

Those United States. 191 2. ( =Your United States.) 

The Regent: A Five Towns Story of Adventure in London. 1913. 

The Plain Man and His Wife. 19 13. (Essays.) 

Paris Nights, and Other Impressions of Places and People. 1913. 

The Great Adventure : A Play of Fancy in Four Acts. 1913. (Drama- 
tized from Buried Alive.) 

Friendship and Happiness: A Plea for the Feast of St. Friend. 1914. 

The Price of Love. 1914. (Novel.) 

Over There: War Scenes on the Western Front. 1915. 

These Twain. 1916. (Trilogy, vol. III.) 

The Lion's Share. 1916. (Novel. 

Books and Persons. 191 7. 

The Pretty Lady. 191 8. (Novel.) 

The Roll Call. 1919. (Novel.) 

Our Women: Chapters on the Sex Discord. 1920. 

Body and Soul. 1920. (Play.) 

Things that Have Intcested Me. 1921. 

Studies and Reviews 

Cooper. Con temp, no ('16): 6o2 = Liv. 

Cunliffe. Age, 291 ('16): 771. 

Darton, F. J. H., Arnold Bennett, Cur. Lit. 50 ('11): 553. 

1915. Harp. Mag. 122 ('11): 633; 

FoUett. 124 ('12): 638. 

Goldring. Ind. 97 ('19): 340. 

Phelps. (English Novel.) Liv. Age, 269 ('11): 131; 291 

Scott. ('16): 251, 771. 

Lond. Times, Jan. 23, 1919: 43; 
June 17, 1920: 380. 
Belhnan, 25 ('18): 48. Nation, loi ('15): 741; 102 ('16): 

Bookm. 42 ('15): 147. 133. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 39 Cii): 265. N. Y. Times, 25 ('20): 10. 

(Portraits.) R. of Rs. 43 ('11): 506. 

Sewanee Rev. 28 ('20): 358. 

Arthur Christopher Benson — essayist, poet, biographer. 

Born 1862, son of the Archbishop of Canterbury. Edu- 
cated at Eton and Cambridge. Master of Eton, 1885-1903. 
Fellow of Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1904-15, and 
Master of this college since 19 15. 

19 



Arthur Christopher Benson — Continued 

Has written poems, many volumes of essays, and various 
biographies, including those of his father, his brother Hugh 
(himself a novelist, died in 19 14) and his sister Maggie, 
several lives in the EngHsh Men of Letters Series; and has 
edited the letters of Queen Victoria (with Viscount Esher). 
His best-known volimies are: 

The House of Quiet. 1903. 
The Upton Letters. 1905. 
From a College Window. 1906. 



Studies and Reviews 

Bennett. Cur. Lit. 43 ('07): 396. 

For. 40 ( '08) : 400. 

Acad. 86 ('14): 742. Liv. Age, 271 ('ii): 713. 

Bookm. 26 ('07): 305; 27 ('08): Outlook, 85 ('07): 399. 

566. R. of Rs. 36 ('07): 759. 
Bookm. (Lond.) 39 Cio): 98; 41 

Cii): 72, 79. (Portraits). 



Edward Frederic Benson — novelist. 

Born 1867. Brother of A. C. Benson (q. v.). Educated at 
Marlborough and Cambridge. Worked in Athens for the 
British Archaeological Society, and in Egypt for the Hellenic 
Society. Has travelled extensively and written many novels. 
Characteristic books are: 

Dodo. 1893. (Of which the original is said to be Margot Tennant, later 

Mrs. Asquith.) 
Dodo the Second. 1914. 
Robin Linnet. 19 19. 
Our Family Affairs. 1920. (Autobiographical.) 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 5 ('93): 50; 41 Liv. Age, 271 ('11): 713. 

('11): 79. (Portraits.) New Statesman, 16 ('20): 54. 

Forum, 40 ('08): 400. 



Benson, Stella — novelist, poet. 

Born 1892. Has lived chiefly abroad in Switzerland, 
France, Germany, recently America (California, 1918-20), 
now in China. 

Bibliography 

I Pose. 19 1 5. (Novel.) 
This is the End. 191 7. (Novel.) 
Twenty. 1918. (Poems.) 
Living Alone. 1920. (Novel.) 



Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 1919, 2: 1 187. Lond. Times, Oct. 23, 1919: 586. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 52 ('17): 74- New Statesman, 9 ('17): 18. 

Bost. Trans. May 5, 1920: 4. N. Y. Eve. Post, May i, 1920: 2. 

Everyman, 15 ('19): 138. Sat. Rev. 129 ('20): 70. 

Freeman, i ('20): 406. Spgfld. Repub. May 16,1920: iia. 



John Davys Beresford — novelist. 

Born in 1873, son of a canon of Peterborough Cathedral. 
As an infant, he was seriously injured through the careless- 
ness of a nurse, and is still lame. Studied at Oundle School, 
where he suffered from the classics, as at home from the strict- 
ness of his father's religious views. He commenced to write 
at sixteen, but in 1904 destroyed everything that he had writ- 
ten up to that time. His real education began, he beheves, 
when he took himself in hand at 21. He had all sorts of ex- 
periences in earning his living in business, in training as 
an architect, and in journalism before he published any fic- 
tion. In 1908 he became a reviewer for Punch and the West- 
minster Gazette. His home is in Cornwall. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Interesting parallel can be made between his hfe and 
Samuel Butler's, together with observations concerning the 
effect of Butler's Way of All Flesh upon Beresford's novels. 

2. Another interesting parallel can be made between his 



John Davys Beresford — Continued 

career as an architect and Hardy's, with notes of the effects of 

their professional knowledge upon their work. 

3. The autobiographical element in Beresford's work must 
never be forgotten. A long list of scenes can be drawn up 
which give every evidence of being taken straight from his 
life experience. 

4. Nor is the autobiography confined to external circum- 
stances. The effect of his years of repression and suffering is 
visible in his general attitude of revolt toward all stupid 
restrictions and unnecessary conventions. 

5. He is so faithful a realist that his knowledge of psychol- 
ogy, which is convincing in the case of his heroes, fails him 
and becomes mere observation in the case of his other char- 
acters. Is this due to defective imagination? 

6. Consider whether or not his determination to " show up" 
life as it is for what it is, according to the limitations of his 
experience, makes for dulness. 

7. Find out whether this general atmosphere of greyness is 
at times relieved in three ways: (a) by occasional grimness of 
unusual strength and horror; (b) by touches of humor as 
delightful in quality as they are rare; (c) by a passionate love 
of certain aspects of Nature that at times lifts his prose into 
poetry. 

Bibliography 

* The History of Jacob Stahl. 191 1. (Trilogy, vol. I.) 
The Hampdenshire Wonder, igii. 

A Candidate for Truth. 191 2. (Trilogy, vol. II.) 

Goslings. 1 91 3. 

The House in Demetrius Road. 1914. 

The Invisible Event. 191 5. (Trilogy, vol. III.) 

The Mountains of the Moon. 1915. 

H. G. Wells. 191 5. (Critical study.) 

* These Lynnekers. 1916. 
House-mates. 1 9 1 7 . 

W. E. Ford. 191 7. (Biography; with Kenneth Richmond.) 
Nineteen Impressions. 1918. (Short stories.) 
God's Counterpoint. 1918. 
The Jervaise Comedy. 1919. 



John Davys Beresford — Continued 

An Imperfect Mother. 1920. 

Revolution. 1921. 

A Royal Heart. (Play; with Arthur Scott Craven.) 

The Compleat Angler. (Play.) 

Howard and Son. (Play; with Kenneth Richmond.) 

Studies and Reviews 

George. Book News Mo, 35 ('16): 2. (Il- 

lustrated.) 
Bookm. (Lond.) 49 ('16): 113; Ind. 83 ('15): 298. 

57 ('19): 95; 58 ('20): 7. (Por- Liv. Age, 288 ('16): 804. 

traits.) Lond. Times, Mar. 25, 1920: 199. 

Laurence Binyon — ^poet, dramatist. 

Born at Lancaster, in 1869, cousin of Stephen Phillips. 
Educated at St. Paul's School and Oxford. In the Depart- 
ment of Printed Books at the British Museum, 1893; now 
Assistant Keeper of Oriental Prints and Drawings. The 
following volumes contain characteristic work: 

London Visions. 1896. 

The Popularization of Art. 1896. 

Odes. 1901. (Revised ed. 1913.) 

English Poetry in Relation to Painting and the other Arts. 19 18. 

Poetry and Modern Life. 1919. 

The Four Years. 1919. 

The Secret. 60 Poems. 1920. 

For complete bibliography to 1920, cf. Lond. Mercury 2 ('20): 114. 



Studies and Reviews 

19th Cent. 75 ('14): 186. Quar. R. 232 ('19): 135. 

Lond. Times, Dec. 30, 1920: 889. Spec. 112 ('14): 675. 

" George A. Birmingham." See James Owen Hannay. 

Algernon Blackwood — noveUst. 

Born 1869. Son of Sir Arthur Blackwood, K. C. B., and 
the Duchess of Manchester. Educated at a Moravian College 

23 



Algernon Blackwood — Continued 

in the Black Forest, at Wellington College, and at Edinburgh 
University. Tried dairy farming in Canada ; prospected in the 
Rainy River goldfields; ran a hotel, went on the stage; posed 
to artists (Gibson one) for a Uving; taught French, German, 
and the violin; reporter on the New York Sun and the New 
York Times; went into the dried-milk business; tried trans- 
lating stories from the French. Has been penniless, has lived 
on dried apples and raw rice. Was finally encouraged by a 
friend to try to sell some old ghost stories in 1906 and in three 
years had made a success in his peculiar field. Since then 
spends his time in travelling round the world and writing. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. If you have no interest whatever in the occult, you will 
find considerable difficulty in getting a basis of sympathetic 
understanding in reading Blackwood. Begin with the ap- 
proach that attracts you most or repels you least: fairy stories, 
ghost stories, stories of reincarnation, or stories of the limits 
of physical nature and scientific possibility. 

2. If you are not absorbed in the matter, study the manner; 
in other words, observe how transition is made from reality to 
impossibility. Note the devices used to make you believe 
that the tale happened or might have happened. Even if you 
do not fall under the illusion of the atmosphere, try to see 
how it is created. 

3. Compare the effects of horror with those of Poe and 
determine what, if anything, Blackwood owes to Poe. 

4. Compare his treatment of the fantastic with the tales of 
Hoffmann, and observe differences. 

5. In what ways are Blackwood's stories an advance upon 
the work of his predecessors in this type of writing? 

6. Can you find any parallelism between what Blackwood 
has done for twentieth century fiction and what Wells has 
done? 

7. Observe the rhythmic and musical effect of his prose; 
his imagery, colors, and other appeals to the senses, figures of 
speech, use of Nature, etc. 

24 



Algernon Blackwood — Continued 

Bibliography 

The Empty House. 1906. 

The Listener. 1907. 

John Silence. 1908. 

The Education of Uncle Paul. 1909. 

Jimbo. 1909. 

The Human Chord. 1910. 

The Lost Valley. 1910. 

* The Centaur. 191 1. 
Pan's Garden. 191 2. 

* A Prisoner in Fairyland. 1913. (Cf. The StarUght Express.) 
Ten Minute Stories. 19 13. 

Incredible Adventures. 1914. 
The Extra Day. 1915. 

The Starlight Express. 1916. (Stage version of "A Prisoner in 
Fairyland," with Violet Pearse, music by Sir Edward Elgar, O. M.) 
Julius Le Vallon. 1916. 
The Wave. 191 6. 
Day and Night Stories. 191 7. 
The Promise of Air. 1918. 
The Garden of Survival. 19 18. 
Karma: a Reincarnation Play. 1918. 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. 39 ('14): 120; 40 ('15): Cur. Op. 56 ('14): 380. 

618. (Portraits.) Liv. Age, 296 ('18): 228. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 53 ('17): 49. Outlook, 112 ('16): 983. 

Book News Mo. 35 ('17): 171. Touchstone, 7 ('20): 146. 

David W. Bone — novelist. 

Born at Glasgow in 1874, brother of Muirhead Bone, the 
etcher. Journalist in Glasgow. Entered the merchant 
service in 1890; was seven years on a sailing ship, then entered 
the service of the Anchor Line in 1899; was made captain in 
1915. Writes of ships, the sea, and strange places. 

Bibliography 

The Brassbounder. 19 10. 
Broken Stowage. 1915. 
Merchantmen-at-Arms. 19 19. 

25 



David W. Bone — Continued 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 38 ('10): 256; 49 ('16): 162. 

Gordon Bottomley — poet. 
Born in 1874. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Accumulate evidence to show whether or not Bottomley 
belongs with the Imagists. 

2. If he is to be regarded primarily as a word painter, he 
must be considered in terms of pictorial art: (a) What types of 
scene does he choose? (b) What is his palette? (c) How does 
he arrange his compositions? (d) Does he consider effects of 
light and shade? (e) Is he concerned with the solidity of his 
pictures or is he a pre-Raphaelite? 

3. Granted that he lacks spontaneity, how does his sophis- 
tication differ from that of De la Mare? of Abercrombie? 
Compare his "End of the World" with Abercrombie's poem 
with the same title, and then with some of De la Mare's 
night pieces. 

4. Which of the two — Bottomley or De la Mare — is more 
directly pictorial? which is more "spookish"? which has more 
power of suggestion? which has the greater charm and variety 
of verse? 

5. Compare Bottomley's plays with Abercrombie's with 
regard to subject-matter and treatment. 

Bibliography 

The Mickle Drede. 1896. (Poems.) 
Poems at White Nights. 1899. 

The Crier by Night. 1902. [Play, in Bibelot 15 ('09): 297.] 
The Gate of Smaragdus. 1904. (Poems.) 
Midsummer Eve, a dramatic pastoral. 1905. 
Chambers of Imagery. 1907. (Poems.) 
The Riding to Lithend. 1909. Play, in Bibelot 16 ('10) :^. 
Laodice and Danae. 1909. (Play.) 
A Vision of Giorgione, three dramatic eclogues. 1910. 

26 



Gordon Bottomley — Continued 

Chambers of Imagery. 191 2. (Second series.) 
King Lear's Wife. 1913-15. (Play, in Georgian Poetry.) 
King Lear's Wife and Other Plays (The Crier by Night; The Riding to 
Lithend; Midsummer Eve; Laodice and Danae). 1920. 

Studies and Reviews 

Bibelot, 16 ('10): 65. Liv. Age, 289 ('16): 374. 

Bookm. 39 ('14): 67. Lond. Times, Oct. 21, 1920: 681. 

Edin. R. 217 ('13): 386. New Statesman, 15 ('20): 650. 

William Boyle. 

Born in middle Ireland; newspaper man, one of the early 
comedy writers for the Abbey Theatre. His published plays 
are: 

The Building Fund. 1905. 
The Eloquent Dempsey. 1907. 
The Mineral Workers. 1907. 
Family Failing. 1913. 



Studies and Reviews 

Boyd (Con temp.; Lit. Ren.) Weygandt. 

Robert (Seymour) Bridges — ^poet, dramatist, critic. 

Born in 1844. Educated at Eton and Oxford. Physician, 
for many years connected with leading London hospitals. 
Married daughter of the painter Waterhouse. Poet-laureate. 
Lives near Oxford. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Begin by mastering his theory of English verse as ex- 
pounded in the appendix to his essay on Milton's Prosody. 
Make a written summary of it, or copy his, and keep it at 
hand to try on his own poems. 

2. Omit the plays unless you are familiar with Greek 
and Elizabethian tragedy and are able to judge how far 
Bridges has caught the spirit of each. 

27 



Robert Bridges — Contimied 

3. Read aloud lyrics that appeal to you, testing them by 
Bridges' own theory. 

4. Among his subjects, particularly to be noted are: his 
treatment of different aspects of English landscape; his feeling 
for all forms of beauty. 

5. Note on the one hand the simplicity and delicacy of his 
modes of expression, and on the other their lack of richness 
and suggestiveness. Consider whether his avoidance of 
everything strained, unnatural, affected, compensates for 
his lack of fire. 

Bibliography 

Growth of Love. 1876. 

Prometheus the Firegiver. 1883. (Masque.) 

Eros and Psyche. 1885. 

Feast of Bacchus. 1889. (Play.^ 

Achilles in Scyros. 1890. (Play.) 

Pahcio. 1890. (Play.) 

The Return of Ulysses. 1890. (Play.) 

The Christian Captives. 1890. (Play.) 

Shorter Poems; Books I-IV. 1890-94. 

Humours of the Court. 1893. 

* Milton's Prosody. 1893. 

John Keats: a Critical Essay. 1895. 

* Poetical Works. 1898, 1899, iQoij 1902, 1905. 
Bramble Brae. 1902. 

Demeter, a Masque. 1905. 

* Poetical Works. 191 2. (Excludes the plays.) 
Britannia Victrix. 1919. 

October and other Poems. 1920. 



Studies and Reviews 



Freeman. 

Warren, T. H. Robert Bridges, 

Poet Laureate. 191 3. 
Young, F. E. Brett. Robert 

Bridges, A Critical Study. 19 14. 

Acad. 38 ('90): 496; 53 ('98): 155. 
Bookm. 38 ('13): 42. 



Bookm. (Lond.) 54 ('18): 144. 

(Illustrated.) 
Dial, 55 ('13): 69. 
Fortn. 62 ('94): 44 = Liv. Age, 

202 ('94): 451. 
Forum, 50 ('13): 877. 
Ind. 52 ('00): 105. 
Liv. Age, 299 ('18): 155. 



28 



Robert Bridges— Continued 

Lond. Mercury, i ('20); 708. N. Y. Times, 25 ('20): 13. 

Lond. Quar. 124 ('15): 232. Quar. 219 ('13): 23i=Liv. Age, 

Lond. Times, Apr. 14, 1921: 240. 278 ('13): 5i5 = Cur. Op. 55 

Nation, loi ('15): 465. ('13): 198. 

New Repub. 12 ('17): 47. Sewanee Rev. 23 ('15): 129. 

New Statesman, 15 ('20): 76. Spec. 81 ('98): 688. 

Harold Brighouse — dramatist. 

Born in Manchester. Went to school with Gilbert Cannan 
and Stanley Houghton (author of Hindle Wakes) and was 
associated with them in the Repertory Theatre movement. 
Hs is in the cotton business; journalism and play writing are 
his avocations. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Note that he uses Manchester material, and compare his 
treatment of Lancashire character with Houghton's in 
Hindle Wakes and The Younger Generation; also with Can- 
nan's in the Manchester parts of his books. 

2. Compare Brighouse's dramatic technique with Hough- 
ton's in Hindle Wakes (cf. notes under Barker). 

3. What qualities do you observe in Brighouse that are 
lacking in Houghton and Cannan? 

Bibliography 

The Price of Coal. 191 1. 

Lonesome-like. 19 14. 

Garside's Career. 1915. 

Hobson's Choice. 1916. 

Maid of France. 19 17. 

The Marbeck Inn. 1920. 

Three Lancashire Plays. 1920. (The Game, The Northerners, Zack.) 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 52 ('17): 79; 58 No. Am. 198 ('13): 218. 
('20): 30. (Portrait.) 

Rupert Brooke — poet. 

Born at Rugby, 1887, son of one of the masters. Educated 
at Rugby and Cambridge. Interested in sports. Spent some 

29 



Rupert Brooke — Continued 

time in Germany and travelled in America and in the South 

Seas. Obtained a commission at the beginning of the War. 

Died in service in the harbor of Scyros, 191 5, and is buried 

there. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Take the volumes in chronological order. Stop when- 
ever you have a feeling of surprise, and ask yourself whether 
the poet intended you to be surprised, or whether he is intent 
merely upon the effervescence of his own feelings. 

2. What was Brooke's attitude toward the conventions of 
thought and poetry? What subjects has he treated which 
would commonly be regarded as unsuitable for serious verse? 
How has he shown originality in treating them? 

3. Do his poems suggest careful shaping and re-working, 
or are they spontaneous outbursts of uncontrollable feeling, 
corrected little or not at all? 

4. What were his leading thoughts? How far was he con- 
cerned with universal ideas? How far did he succeed in cloth- 
ing them with emotion and beauty? 

5. Choose those among his poems which seem to you to 
show most achievement and most promise, and analyze them 
under the following headings (or similar headings of your 
own): (a) originality of conception; (b) clearness of vision; 
(c) strength of emotion; (d) beauty and suggestiveness of 
phrasing; (e) vividness of color and imagery; (f) musical 
quality of the rhythms. 

Bibliography 

Poems. 191 1. 

19 14 and Other Poems. 191 5. 

The Collected Poems of Rupert Brooke. 1915. 

Letters from America. 1916. With a preface by Henry James. 

The Collected Poems of Rupert Brooke. 1918. 

Also in: Georgian Poetry. 1911-12, 1913-15, 1918. 
New Numbers. 1914. 
Ward, English Poets, V. 
Oxford Book of Victorian Verse- 
Poems of Today. 

30 



Rupert Brooke — Continued 

Studies and Reviews 



Cunliffe. 
Scott. 
Sturgeon. 
Waugh. 

Atlan. 117 ('16): 262. 

Bookm. 42 ('15): 54. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 53 ('17) (por- 
trait): 79; 54 ('18): 178. 

Dial, 59 ('is): 605. 

Eng. Rev. 20 ('15): 325. (Thomas.) 

Fortn. 104 ('15): 348 = Liv. Age, 
286 ('15): 735; 105 ('16): 276. 

Forum, 54 ('15): 677 = Liv. Age, 
288 ('16): 352. 



Ind. 84 ('15): 386. 

Lit. Digest, 50 ('15): 1276; 53 

('16): 559. 
Liv. Age, 286 ('15): 735; 288 ('16): 

352. 
Nation, 108 ('19): 54. 
New Repub. 5 ('15): 177; 6 ('16): 

No. Am. 202 ('15): 432. 
Poetry, 6 ('15): 136. 
Quar. 224 ('15): 395. 
Spec. 114 ('15): 612. 
Rev. des Deux Mondes, 43 ('18): 
140. 



John Buchan — ^journalist, novelist. 

Born in Scotland, 1875. Educated at Glasgow University 
and Oxford. Barrister in the Middle Temple, 1901. Private 
secretary to Lord Milner in Africa, 1901-03. At General 
Headquarters in France, 1916-17; director of information 
under the Prime Minister, 191 7-18. Member of the pubhsh- 
ing house of Nelson and Sons. Has written many popular 
romantic novels including: 

Sir Quixote. 1895. 
Greenmantle. 19 16. 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 43 ('12): 140 Book News Mo. 35 ('17): 344. 
(portrait); 51 ('16): 7. Liv. Age, 292 ('17): 171. 

Shan F. Bullock — novelist, critic. 
Born in Ireland, 1865. Representative books are: 



Irish Pastorals. 1901. (Short Stories.) 
The Squireen. 1903. 
Dan the Dollar. 1905. 

31 



Shan F. Bullock — Continued 

Studies and Reviews 

Boyd (Ireland's Lit. Ren.). Weygandt. 

Thomas Burke — short-story writer, poet, journalist. 

Born in 1887. Interpreter of East London, especially 
Chinatown; rose from olfice boy to journalist. 

Bibliography 

Nights in Town. 1915. (Sketches.) 

Limehouse Nights. 1916. (Short stories.) 

London Lamps. 191 7. (Poems.) 

Twinkletoes. 191 7. (Novel.) 

Out and About London. 19 19. 

Broken Blossoms. 1919. (Play.) 

The Song Book of Quong Lee of Limehouse. 1920. (Poems.) 

In Chinatown: more Stories from Limehouse Nights. 1921. 

Whispering Windows. 1921. (Short stories.) 

Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 1919, i: 336. Cur. Op. 63 ('17): 337. 

Bookm.46('i7): 15152 ('21): 551. Dial, 63 ('17): 65. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 49 ('15): 54; Lond. Times, Apr. 10, 1919: 198, 

51 ('16): 50; 52 ('17): no (por- Nation, 109 ('19): 178. 

trait.) N. Y. Times, 24 ('19): 183. 



Joseph Campbell — dramatist, poet. 

Irish poet and dramatist of the school of Synge, born in 
Belfast, 1881; illustrator by profession. For suggestions as 
to the study of his Imagist poems, see Richard Aldington. 
His principal works are: 

* The Mountainy Singer. 1909. (Poems.) 
Mearing Stones. 191 1. (Sketches.) 

* Judgment : a Play. 1 9 1 2 . 
Irishry. 1913. 

Earth of Cualann. 191 7. 

32 



Joseph Campbell — Continued 

Studies and Reviews 

Boyd (Contemp.; Lit. Ren.). Contemp. Rev. 98 ('10), 323. 

Weygandt. Egoist 2 ('15): 70. 

Fortn. 100 ('13): 957) 

Gilbert Cannan — novelist, dramatist. 

Born in Manchester, 1884. Educated there and at Cam- 
bridge. Associated vath. Stanley Houghton (died 1909), 
Harold Brighouse (q. v.) John Drinkwater (q. v.), and C. E. 
Montague (q. v.) in the building up of the Repertory Theatre 
in Manchester. Admitted to the Bar, 1908. Dramatic critic 
of the London Star (cf. Shaw's Gilbert Gunn, in Fanny's 
First Play). Translated 1910-13 Rolland's Jean-Christophe. 
Specially interested in Russian literature. Married Barriers 
divorced wife and was later divorced by her. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. To understand Cannan, you should be familiar with the 
work of Samuel Butler, Shaw, Rolland, and Artzibasheff. 
He is the youngest apostle of revolt against conventions 
that hamper the freedom of the indi\ddual soul. 

2. Read first the books that deal with Hfe in Manchester. 
Consider them both as realistic presentation and as criticism 
of social conditions. What do you think of Cannan as inter- 
preter and as critic? 

3. Compare and contrast his social criticisms in their 
manner with Galsworthy's. 

4. What evidence do you find, as you read his work, of close 
portraiture of individuals? If any of the portraits could be 
recognized, what is to be said of the art and of the taste? 

5. Make a special study of the books in which the centre of 
interest is not one or two individuals but a family (as not- 
ably in Round the Corner and Three Pretty Men). Does 
Cannan succeed in creating the atmosphere in which such 
a family Uves? How? Compare his work in this respect 
with Butler's Way of All Flesh, Bennett's Old Wives' Tale, 
Walpole's Green Mirror, and Beresford's These Lynnekers. 

33 



Gilbert Cannan — Continued 

6. Consider how far Cannan depends upon his power of 
photography and his use of the catalogue to make pictures, 
and how far he is master of suggestion. Compare him with a 
contemporary whom you consider especially strong in power 
of suggestion. 

7. What is to be said of his social ideals? of his intensity 
of feeling? of his humor? of his love of beauty? of his philos- 
ophy of Hfe? 

8. Read aloud characteristic passages, to see how far, 
if at all, he is sensitive to charms and subtleties of 
style. 

9. Be on your guard against extreme inequality of work. 
Try to explain this, and consider it in your final summing up 
of his merits and defects. 

Bibliography 

Peter Homunculus. 1909, (Novel.) 

Devious Ways. 1910, (Novel.) 

Miles Dixon, 1910. (Play.) 

John Christopher. 1910. (Translation of RoUand's Jean-Chris- 

tophe, vol. I.) 
John Christopher. 191 1. (Vols. II and III.) 
James and John. 191 1. (Play.) 
Little Brother. 191 2. (Novel.) 
Mary's Wedding. 191 2. (Play.) 
Wedding Presents. 191 2. (Play.) 
The Perfect Widow. 191 2. (Play.) 

* Round the Corner. 1913. (Novel.) 
John Christopher. 1913. (Vol. IV.) 

Four Plays. 1913. ( James and John; Miles Dixon; Mary's Wed- 
ding; A Short Way with Authors.) 
The Joy of the Theatre. 19 13. 
The Arbour of Refuge. 1913. (Play.) 
Old Mole. 19 14. (Novel.) 

Old Mole's Novel. Revised and Expurgated. 1914. 
Love. 19 14. 
Satire. 1914. 

* Young Earnest. 1915. (Novel.) 
Samuel Butler. 1915. 

Windmills. A Book of Fables. 1915. 
Poems. 1915. 

34 



Gilbert Cannan —Continued 

* Three Pretty Men. 1916. (American ed., Three Sons and a Mother.) 
(Novel.) 
Mendel. 1916. (Novel.) 
Everybody's Husband. 191 7. (Novel.) 
Mummery. 1918. (Novel.) 

The Stucco House. 1918. (Novel, sequel to Three Pretty Men.) 
The Anatomy of Society. 1919. 
Pink Roses. 19 19. (Novel.) 
Time and Eternity. 1919. (Novel.) 
The Release of the Soul. 1920. 



Studies and Reviews 

George. Egoist, 6 ('19): 30. 

Goldring. Lit. Digest, 53 ('16): 1408. (Por- 

James. trait.) 

Lond. Times, Nov. 8, 191 7: 536; 
Bookm. (Lond.) 57 ('19): 96, 97. 627; Jan. 17, 1918: 32; Jul. i, 

Cur. Op. 55 ('13): 353. 1920:417; 

Dial, 68 ('20): 173. (Portraits.) No. Am. 198 ('13): 76. 

Edward Carpenter — ^poet, philosopher, essayist. 

Born 1844, of a naval family. Educated at Cambridge for 
the ministry, but the impressions from a visit to Italy in 1873, 
where he came strongly under the influence of Greek art, led 
him to the conclusion that he could not remain in the Church, 
and at his own request he was unfrocked. 

At Cambridge he had begun to read Whitman, and in 1877 
he crossed the Atlantic especially to meet this poet, under 
whose influence he had fallen. As his giving up the Church 
had left him without means, he became a university extension 
lecturer in science, and continued this work for about seven 
years, lecturing chiefly on astronomy and physics, and finally 
on the history of music. Gradually he came in contact with 
the working classes, and finally began to live among them, 
working at a trade and developing his socialistic ideas. In 
1 88 1 his health was so bad that he bought a cottage and some 
land and took up market gardening for a living, at the same 
time beginning to write his series of poems "Towards Democ- 
racy." In 1890 he had become much interested in the 

35 



Edward Carpenter — Continued 

Bhagavad-gita and made a trip to Ceylon especially to visit 
an Indian Gnani or Holy Man and so to learn the philosoph- 
ical and religious ideas of the Orient. Since then he has 
continued to live in his cottage at Millthorpe, near Sheffield, 
writing and taking an active part in many socialistic enter- 
prises. 

He is a vegetarian, believes in the elimination of all super- 
fluities from one's surroundings, and in the importance of 
everyone's doing a certain amount of hand work to balance 
brain work; he has theories of art, is a musician, and lives out 
his theories in his mode of life. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Carpenter's life should be studied in detail for an under- 
standing of his work. 

2. Note that his poetry is the emotional expression of the 
ideas that are formulated in his books of philosophy; and the 
reading of each helps to the understanding of the other. 

3. Do not read the poems chronologically but topically; 
that is, make from the table of contents a list of subjects in 
which you are interested and group under each heading titles 
that seem to concern it; then read these poems so that you will 
derive a unified impression from them all. 

4. Shorter poems should be read aloud so that the beauties 
and the flaws in rhythm and sound may be better observed. 
Note the vivid imagery, the passionate love of all living things 
and of life itself, the complete democracy, the tolerance and 
reasonableness, and the humor. 

5. To judge Carpenter adequately, it is necessary to 
compare (i) his poems, in form and in ideas, with those of 
Whitman; (2) his metaphysical philosophy with that of the 
Oriental mystics; and (3) his social philosophy with other 
types of socialism. 

Bibliography 

The Religious Influence of Art. 1869. 
Narcissus and other Poems. 1873. 
Moses: A Drama in Five Acts. 1875. 

36 



Edward CaipenteT— Continued 

* Towards Democracy. Part I, 1883. Parts I and II, 1885. Parts I, 

II, and III, 1892. Part IV only, 1902. Complete, 1905, 
England's Ideal and other Papers on Social Subjects. 1887. 
Chants of Labour. 1888. 

* Civilization: its Cause and Cure. 1889. 

From Adam's Peak to Elephanta: being sketches in Ceylon and India. 

1892. 
Love's Coming-of-Age: a Series of Papers on the Relations of the 

Sexes. 1896. 
Angels' Wings: Essays on Art and its Relation to Life. 1898. 
The Story of Eros and Psyche from Apuleius, and the first book of the 

Iliad of Homer, done into English. 1900. 
lolaus: an Anthology of Friendship. 1902. 

* The Art of Creation: Essays on the Self and its Powers. 1904. 
Prisons, Police, and Punishment: an Inquiry into the Causes and Treat- 
ment of Crime and Criminals. 1905. 

Days with Walt Whitman: with some Notes on his Life and Work, and 

three Portraits. 1906. 
Sketches from Life in Town and Country. 1908. 
The Intermediate Sex: a Study of some Transitional Types of Men and 

Women. 1908. 
A Visit to a Giiani: being four chapters from the above, in separate 

volume. 191 1. 

* The Drama of Love and Death: a Study of Human Evolution and 

Transfiguration. 191 2. 

Intermediate Types among Primitive Folk: a Study in Social Evolu- 
tion. 1914. 

The Healing of Nations: and the Hidden Sources of their Strife. 1915. 
^My Days and Dreams: being Autobiographical Notes. 1916. 

The Story of My Books. 1916. Eng. Rev. 22 ('16): 108. 

Pagan and Christian Creeds, their Origin and Meaning. 1920. (Phi- 
losophy.) 

(For magazine articles and pamphlets to 1916, see bibliography in 
My Days and Dreams.) 

Studies and Reviews 

Carpenter, Edward. My Days and Jackson, H. All Manner of Folk. 

Dreams. 1916. 1912. 

Crosby, Ernest. Edward Carpen- Lewis, Edward. Edward Carpen- 
ter: Poet and Prophet. 1905. ter: an exposition and an 

Ellis, Mrs. Havelock. Three Mod- appreciation. 191 5. 

em Seers. 1910. (Hinton, Niet- Ramus, Pierre. Edward Carpen- 

zsche, and Edward Carpen- ter, ein Sanger der Freiheit und 

ter.) des Volkes. 19 10. 

37 



Edward Carpenter — Continued 

Senard, M. Edward Carpenter ('06): 44; 12 ('06): 374; 17 

et sa philosophie. 1914. ('09): nS- (Illustrated.) 

Swan, Tom. Edward Carpenter: Forum, 44 ('10): 172; 47 ('12): 
The Man and His Message. 606; 51 ('14): 773- 

1901. Freeman i ('20): 405. 

Internat. Socialist Rev. i ('00): 

Ath. 1918, i: 461. 275. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 50 ('16): 167. Nation, 102 ('16): 289. 

Craftsman, 10 ('06): 737; 11 No. Am. 182 ('06): 589. 

(Mrs.) Catherine Carswell — novelist. 

Open the Door. 1920. 

Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 1920, i: 831. Nation, 71 ('20): 134. 

Bost. Trans. June 17, 1920: 6. New Repub. 23 ('20): 258. 

Everyman, 16 ('20): 316. New Statesman, 15 ('20): 253. 

Freeman, i ('20): 598. N. Y. Times, 25 ('20): 23. 

Lond. Times, May 13, 1920: 301. Spec. 125 ('20): 151. 

Gilbert (Keith) Chesterton — journalist, dramatist, poet, 

novelist, critic. 

Born in London, 1874. Educated at St. Paul's School and 
the Slade School of Art. Began his career as a reviewer of 
art books. Contributor to many papers. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. How much does personality count in Chesterton's work? 
Does it therefore follow that his readers will be strongly for or 
against him? 

2. He says of himself, "If you are writing an article you 
can say anything that comes into your head." Use this 
assertion as a basis for testing his material and methods. 

3. Analyze his special devices of style: (a) paradox; (2) 
irony; (3) exaggeration; (4) surprise; (5) any others that you 
discover. Is it fair to say that they camouflage an extremely 
orthodox type of mind? To determine this, choose several of 
his most starthng statements, and examine them to find out 
how far they are (a) familiar, (b) true. 

38 



Gilbert Chesterton — Continued 

4. In which of the four fields that he works in is he most 
successful? How does his journalism affect his literary pro- 
ductions? 

5. Compare him with Belloc, pointing out likenesses and 
differences. 

6. Make a special study of the poems. 

Bibliography 

/drowning, 1903. (English Men of Letters.) 

The Napoleon of Notting Hill. 1904. (Novel.) 

The Club of Queer Trades. 1905. 

Heretics. 1905. 
^Charles Dickens, a Critical Study. 1906. 

The Man who was Thursday. 1908. (Novel.) 

* Orthodoxy. 1908. 

* George Bernard Shaw. 1909. (Criticism.) 
The Ball and the Cross. 1910. (Novel.) 

^ What's Wrong with the World? 1910. 
The Innocence of Father Brown. 191 1. (Detective stories.) 
Manalive. 191 2. (Novel.) 
The Victorian Age in Literature. 19 13. 
Magic. 1913. (Play.) 
The Flying Inn. 19 14. 

The Wisdom of Father Brown. 19 14. (Detective stories.) 
Poems. 19 1 5 

The Crimes of England. 1915. 
A ShilHng for my Thoughts. 1916. 
A Short History of England. 19 17. 
The Uses of Diversity. 1920. 

For full bibliography to 19 16, see West (below). 

Studies and Reviews 

Bennett. West, J. G. K. Chesterton, A 

Jackson, H. Romance and Real- Critical Study. 1916. 

ity. 191 1. Williams. 
Scott, D. 

Scott, W. T. Chesterton and Am. Cath. Quar. 2,2> ('08): 668. 

Other Essays. 1912. Blackwood's, 178 ('05): 137. 

Slosson, E. E. Six Major Prophets. Bookm. 40 ('15): 582. 

1917. Bookm. (Lond.) 35 ('08): 91. 



(Portrait.) 



39 



Gilbert Chesterton — Continued 

Cath. World, 88 ('09): 769; Forum, 40 (*o8): 394; 44 ('10): 

89 ('09): i; 109 ('19): 744; 707; 48 ('12): 597. 

no ('19): 145; no ('20) 319. Hibbert Jour. 7 ('09): 541. 

Cur. Lit. 41 ('06): 171; 46 ('09): Ind. 71 ('11): 1456; 88 ('16): 349. 

396. (Portrait.) Liv. Age, 285 ('15): 805; 288 

Cur. Op. 63 ('17): 186. ('16): 314; 301 ('19): 162. 

Dial, 49 ('10): 230. New Repub. 10 ('17): 106. 

Outlook, 81 ('05): 729. 

Mary Cholmondeley — novelist. 

Born in Shropshire, daughter of the rector of Hodnet. 
Member of a famous old family and kinswoman of Bishop 
Heber. Educated at home and brought up to domestic and 
parish duties. Her Under One Roof, 1918, is autobiographical. 
Her best-known novels are: 

Diana Tempest, 1893. 
Red Pottage. 1899. 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 18 ('00): 35, 40 Edin. Rev. 192 ('00): 208. 
(illustrated); 31 ('06): 41 (por- 
trait); 54 ('18): 76. 

Sir Hugh (Charles) Clifford. 

Born in London, 1866. Entered the Malay States Civil 
Service, 1887. Held offices in different parts of Malaysia 
from 1887 to 1901; held administrative offices in Trinidad, 
1903-07, and in Ceylon, 1907-12. Governor of the Gold 
Coast, 19 1 2-19. SpeciaHst in Malay languages. Married, 
1910, Mrs. Henry de la Pasture, ndvehst (q. v.) His best- 
known book is: 

The Further Side of Silence. 19 16. (Short stories based on fact.) 

Studies and Reviews 

Conrad, Notes on Life and Letters, Dial, 61 ('16): 353. 
pp. 58 £F. Nation, 103 ('16): 488. 

New Repub. 8 ('16): 302. 
Booklist, 13 ('17): 175. N. Y. Times, 21 ('16): 439. 

40 



Mrs. W. K. (Lucy Lane) Clififord — novelist, dramatist. 

Widow of Professor Clifford, the scientist. Has written 
many novels and plays, of which the following are best known: 

Love Letters of a Worldly Woman. 1891. 
Aunt Anne. 1893. 

A Woman Alone. 1901. (Dramatized, 1914.) 
Miss Fingal. 191 7. 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 57 ('20): 136. 

Arthur Clutton-Brock— critic. 

Born 1868. Educated at Eton and Oxford. Called to the 
Bar in 1893, and practiced until 1903. Then he became a 
journalist. Was literary editor of the Speaker, 1904-06; then 
of the Tribune, the Morning Post. Has been art critic of 
the Times since 1908, and has recently pubUshed: 

Essays on Art. 1919. 
Essays on Books. 1920. 

Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 1919, 2: 1353; 1920, i: 8; Review, 2 ('20): 576. 

1920, 2: 755. Sat. Rev. 128 ('19): 565. 

Bost. Trans. Apr. 28, 1920: 6. Spec. 124 ('20): 242. 

New Repub. 21 ('20): 389. Springfield Repub. Feb. 22 ('20): 

New Statesman, 16 ('20): 372. 3a. 

Padraic Colum — poet, dramatist. 

Born in Longford, Ireland, 1881. Educated at local 
schools; wrote for the Abbey Theatre. Lives in New York. 

Bibliography 

Broken Soil. 1903. (Revised as The Fiddler's House, 1907.) 
The Land. 1905. 
Studies. 1907. 

Wild Earth. 1907. (Poems.) 
Thomas Muskerry. 19 10. 
My Irish Year. 191 2. 

The Desert. 191 2. (Oriental play; American ed., Mogu the Wanderer, 
1917.) 

41 



Padraic Colum — Continued 

Studies and Reviews 

Boyd (Contemp., Ireland's Lit. Book News Mo. 35 ('17): 172. 

Ren.). Columbia Univ. Quar. 18 ('16): 

Phelps. (English Poetry.) 332. 

Sturgeon. Contemp. 98 ('10): 323. 

Weygandt. Edin. Rev. 209 ('09): 94. 

New Repub. 11 ('17): 339. 

Acad. 86 ('14): 140. Quar. 215 ('11): 219. 

Bookm. 44 ('16): 29. R. of Rs. 51 ('15): 244. (Portrait.) 

" Norreys Connell." See Condi O'Connell O'Riordan. 

Joseph Conrad (Teodor Josef Konrad Korzeniowski) — 

novelist. 

Born in Ukraine, 1857. His parents were political exiles 
and died in exile. Through his father he became familiar in 
childhood with classical English literature. He was educated 
at Cracow, 1870-74. Deliberately chose a career as British 
seaman and became a master in the British merchant marine, 
saiHng in many parts of the world in that capacity. In 1894 
was advised by Galsworthy (q. v.) to offer his first novel for 
publication, and on the recommendation of Edward Garnett 
(q. V.) it was accepted. Conrad then left the sea and settled in 
England, marrying an Enghshwoman. He knew no EngHsh 
until he was a young man, and still speaks it with difficulty. 
His work is thought out in Pohsh, and mentally expressed 
in French, before it is set down in English. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Keep in mind, as you read, Conrad's own statement of 
his aim: ''My task ... is, by the power of the written 
word, to make you hear, to make you feel — it is, before all, 
to make you see. That — and no more, and it is everything." 
In a word, it is to reach the emotions through appeal to the 
senses. Does he succeed? 

2. Keep in mind also his statement of the possibiUties of 
literary art: that it must ''strenuously aspire to the plasticity 
of sculpture, to the color of painting, and to the magic sugges- 

42 



Joseph Conrad — Continued 

tiveness of music — which is the art of arts." To what extent 

do you find these quaHties in his work? 

3. According to Mr. Hueffer (q. v.), Conrad's persistent 
endeavor has been to find a new form of the novel. Relate 
this fact to (i) his use of a narrator; (2) his chronology; 
(3) any other pecuharities of technique that you observe. Is 
Conrad's method likely, in your opinion, to be developed, or 
to remain unique? 

4. To observe his use of material, compare The Arrow of 
Gold with its fact basis as related in "La TremoHna" {Mirror 
of the Sea). 

5. Read Conrad's article on Henry James (cf. Bibliogra- 
phy), and trace James's influence on his work. Read also the 
article on Books, and trace other influences. 

6. Compare his knowledge of Malays with that of Sir Hugh 
Clifford (q. v.) and that of H. Fielding-Hall (q. v.). 

7. How does his treatment of the sea differ from that of all 
other writers who have written on this subject? How do you 
explain the differences? 

8. Note the range and the limitations of his experience of 
the world, of aspects of Hfe, of t)^es of men and women; the 
strength and the weakness of his philosophy; the power and 
the Hmitations of his personahty as artist. 

9. Read aloud a striking passage and consider his style as 
(i) produced by his special difficulties; (2) influenced by 
Flaubert; (3) explained by anything else that you know 
about him. 

10. Distinguish between the romantic and the reaHstic 
elements in his work. Observe the variability of these ele- 
ments in different books. Decide how his method in general 
is to be classed. 

Bibliography 

Almayer's Folly: A Story of an Eastern River. 1895. 
An Outcast of the Islands. 1896. (Almayer's Folly is sequel to this.) 
* The Nigger of the "Narcissus": A Tale of the Sea. 1897. (American 
ed., Children of the Sea.) 
Tales of Unrest. 1898. 

43 



Joseph Conrad — Continued 

* Lord Jim: A Tale. 1900. 

The Inheritors: An Extravagant Story. 1901. (With Ford M. 
Hueffer.) 

* Youth: a Narrative and Two Other Stories. 1902. 

* Typhoon and Other Stories. 1903. 

Romance: A Novel. 1903. (With Ford M. Huefifer.) 
Nostromo: A Tale of the Seaboard. 1904. 
One Day More. 1905. (Play.) 

* The Mirror of the Sea: Memories and Impressions. 1906. 
The Secret Agent: A Simple Tale. 1907. 

A Set of Six: Tales. 1908. 

Under Western Eyes. 191 1. (Novel.) 

* Some Reminiscences. 191 2. (American ed., A Personal Record.) 
Twixt Land and Sea: Tales. 191 2. 

Chance: A Tale in Two Parts. 19 14. 
Within the Tides: Tales. 1915. 
Victory: An Island Tale. 1915. 
The Shadow-Line. 191 7. (Novel.) 
The Arrow of Gold. 1919. (Novel.) 
Tales of the Sea. 1919. 
The Rescue. 1920. (Novel.) 

* Notes on Life and Letters. 1921. 

Books. 1920. [Cf. Liv. Age, 246 ('05): 500.] 
Henry James. [No. Am. 180 ('05): 102.] 
*Five Prefaces. [Lond. Merc. 3 ('21): 493.] 

For complete bibliography to 1920, cf. Lond. Mercury, 2 ('20): 476; cf. 
also Bulletin of Bibliography, 9, p. 137, to Oct., 191 7; and especially 
Wise, T. J., A Bibliography of the Writings of Joseph Conrad 
(1895-1920) 1920. 

Studies and Reviews 



Bjorkman, E. Voices of Tomor- 


Walpole, Hugh. Joseph Conrad. 


row. 1913. 


(191S.) 


Cooper. 


Waugh. 


Curie, Richard. Joseph Conrad. 




1914. 


Atlan. 119 ('17): 233. 


Follett. 


Bookm.35('i2):7o;38('i4):476; 


Freeman. 


39 ('14): 662; 40 ('14): 99- 


Huneker, James. Ivory Apes and 


Bookm. (Lond.) 58 ('20): 160. 


Peacocks. 191 5. 


Books News Mo. 36 ('18): 


Mencken, H. L. A Book of 


442. 


Prefaces. 191 7. 


Cath. World, 92 ('11): 796; 109 


Phelps. (EngUsh Novel.) 


('19): 163. 



44 



Joseph Conrad — Continued 
Cur. Hist. N. Y. Times, 8, pt. i 

(.'i8): 292. 
Dial, 61 ('16): 172; 66 ('19): 638; 

69 ('20): 619. 
Edin. R. 231 ('20): 318. 
Eng. Rev. 9 ('11): 476; (portrait); 

io('ii);68;3i('2o): 5. (Huef- 

fer.) 
Englische Studien, 51 ('18): 391. 
Fortn. 89 ('08): 627. =Liv. Age, 

257 ('08): 416. 
Forum, 53 ('15): 579. 
Liv. Age, 236 ('03): 120; 302 

('19): 792; 304 ('20): lOI. 
Lond. Times, Aug. 7, 1919: 422; 



July 1, 1920; 419; Mar. 3, 1921: 

141. 
Nation, 98 ('14): 39s; 107 ('18): 

510. 
NewRepub. 16 ('18): 109; 19 ('19): 

56. 
New Statesman, 12 ('19): 375; 13 

('19): 591. 
No. Am. 178 ('04): 842; 200 ('14): 

270; 208 ('18): 439. 
Quar. 217 ('12): 159. = Liv. Age, 

276 ('13): 264. 
Rev. de Paris, 25 pt. 2 ('18): 5. 
Sewanee Rev. 26 ('18): 28. 



Bruce Frederick Cummings (** W. N. P. Barbellion ") — 

diarist. 

A promising scientific man (1889-19 19) whose journal, 
with an introduction by H. G. Wells, roused much comment. 
Cf. Introduction to A Last Diary and History (below) in 
which Mr. Pollard shows that the books are not genuine 
diaries. 

Journal of a Disappointed Man. 19 19. 

Enjoying Life and Other Literary Remains of W. N. P. Barbellion. 

19 1 9. (Essays.) 
A Last Diary. 1920. 

Studies and Reviews 



Ath. 1919, i: 169. 
Bookm. (Lond.) 56 ('19): 78. 
Cath. World, no ('19): in. 
Dial, 68 ('20): 489. 
Everyman, 15 ('20): 364. 
♦History, 6 ('2 1): 23 (Pollard.) 



Lond. Mercury, i ('20): 543. 
Nation, 109 ('19): 341, 
New Repub., 26 ('21): 268. 
N. Y. Times, 24 ('19): 325. 
Outlook, 122 ('19): 445. 
Sat. Rev. 127 ('19): 381. 



" Clemence Dane." See Winifred Ashton. 

William Henry Davies — ^poet. 

Bom at Newport, Wales, 1870. Ran away from home as a 
boy. Came to America and lived for about eight years as a 
tramp, picking fruit and doing odd jobs, sleeping outdoors, or 
in jails or common lodging houses. Stole rides on trains, and 

45 



William Henry Davies— Continued 

finally lost one foot trying to board a train in this manner. 
Crossed the Atlantic many times by working on cattle boats. 
Inherited a small legacy, which brought him about ten shil- 
Ungs a week. This encouraged him to gratify his desire to 
write poetry. He lived in common lodging houses and 
tramped about the country as a peddler and beggar while he 
allowed his principal to accumulate until he had enough 
money to pay for the pubHcation of his first volume. As it 
did not sell, he sent a copy with a letter to Shaw. This in- 
cident was the beginning of his success. Davies has no 
education except what he has gained from reading and wan- 
dering. He lives in Kent and is still a great walker. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Read first the Autobiography of a Super-Tramp, and then 
fit the poems into the career. 

2. As you read, divide the poems into two groups: (a) those 
that seem to you to echo earlier work (refresh your memory of 
EHzabethan lyrics and of Wordsworth's shorter poems), and 
(b) those that seem to you to grow out of the poet's Hfe ex- 
perience. How will this division affect your judgment of the 
value of the poems? 

3. Turn over many of the poems, reading the titles and 
glancing at the content to make sure of its general nature; 
then sum up the range of Davies' ideas and inspirations. 
Which recur most frequently? Are these most successfully 
treated? If so, why? 

4. Compare his verse forms as to variety and sophistication 
with those of De la Mare. 

5. Make special observations of (a) aspects of Nature and 
human life treated; (b) color and imagery; (c) diction. 

6. Choose as many poems as you can find on very similar 
themes. Read and re-read them aloud, arranging them in 
order of merit. Then find reasons for the relative success and 
failure of each. 

7. For what qualities will Davies hold his place among 
the best poets of to-day? 

46 



William Henry Davie s — Continued 
Bibliography 

The Soul's Destroyer and Other Poems. 1907. 
New Poems. 1907. 

* The Autobiography of a Super-Tramp. 1908. 
Nature Poems. 1908. 

Beggars. 1909. 
Farewell to Poesy. 1910. 
A Weak Woman. 191 1. 
Songs of Joy and Others. 191 1. 
The True Traveller. 191 2. 
Foliage, Various Poems. 1913. 
The Bird of Paradise. 1914. 
Child Lovers. 19 16. 

* Collected Poems. 1916. (Portrait.) 
A Pilgrim in Wales. 1916. 

A Poet's Pilgrimage. 1918. 
Forty New Poems. 19 18. 

* The Song of Life. 1920. 

Also in: Georgian Poetry, 1911-12; 1913-15; 1916-17. 
New Paths. 
Form. 

The Owl, I ('19.) 
Annual of New Poetry. 191 7. 

For full bibliography to 1919, cf. Lond. Mercury, i ('19): 122. 

Studies and Reviews 



Bennett. 










Egoist, 4 ('17): 118. 


Cunliffe. 










Fortn. loi ('14): 498. 


Figgis. 










Lond. Times, June 8, 1916: 269; 


Phelps. 










Jan. 4, 1917: 7; Apr. 11, 1918: 


Sturgeon. 










170; Sept. 16, 1920: 596. 


WiUiams. 










No. Am. 198 ('13): 379. 

19th Cent. 67 ('10): 71 =Liv. Age, 


Bookm. 


(Lond.) 


^7 ('09): 


47 


265 ('10): 488. 


(portrait) ; 


52 


('17): 99; 


59 


Poetry, 11 ('17): 99. 


('20): 97. 








Sewanee Rev. 28 ('20): 414. 



Cur. Lit. 45 ('08): 294. 

" E. M. Delafield." See E. E. M. de la Pasture. 



Walter (John) de la Mare — poet, novelist. 



Born in Kent, 1873. 



Educated at the St. Paul's Cathe- 
47 



Walter de la Mare — Continued 

dral Choir School, London. Lives in a suburb of London. 

Reviews for London Times and Westminster Gazette, 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Consider separately the poems about children and the 
interests of children. Do you find any that would appeal to 
children themselves? Experiment with them upon children. 
Then decide whether or not they interest you, and why or 
why not. 

2. Get the range of subjects in the child poems and classify 
them. Do they throw light on the poet's mind? 

3. Then consider the other volumes, if possible at a sitting, 
not reading all the poems, but noting the subjects and metres, 
and stopping to read only when your attention is especially 
attracted. What are the dominant moods? ideas? Can you 
find a small group of headings that will include most of the 
poems? 

4. Does the poet's inspiration come mainly from literary 
sources, or from experience? 

5. Study the mechanics of the verse in a number of poems 
that you hke especially. What effects are obtained and how? 

6. What do you discover in idea, mood, form, or charm, 
that seems to you rather different from other poetry that you 
know? 

Bibliography 

Songs of Childhood. 1902. 

Henry Brocken. 1904. (Novel.) 

Poems. 1906. 

The Three Mulla Mulgars. 1910. (Romance.) 

The Return. 1910. (Novel.) 

* A Child's Day. 191 1. 

* The Listeners and Other Poems. 191 2. 

* Peacock Pie. 1913. 

The Sunken Garden and Other Poems. 1918. 
Motley and Other Poems. 19 18. 

* Poems. 1901-1918. 1920. 

Rupert Brooke and the Intellectual Imagination. 1919. 

48 



Walter de la Mare — Continued 

Studies and Reviews 

Aiken, Dial, 63 ('17): 150. 

Braithwaite. Freeman, 2 ('21): 477. 

Cunliffe. Liv. Age, 298 ('18): 360. 

Phelps. (English Poetry.) Lond. Mercury, 3 ('21): 521. 

Sturgeon. Lond. Times, Dec. 14, 1916: 604; 

Williams. May 30, 1918: 253; Dec. 11, 

Wilkinson. 1919: 721; Oct. 14, 1920: 657. 

Nation (Lond.) 28 ('20): 78. 

Ath. 1920, 2: 466 (Murry.) New Statesman, 16 ('20): 140. 

Bookm. 46 ('18): 641. Poetry, 8 ('16): 312. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 44 ('13): 260 Sat. Rev. 123 ('17): 232. 

(Thomas); 59 ('20): 122. Spec. 121 ('18): 200. 

Mrs. Henry de la Pasture (Elizabeth Lydia Rosabelle 

Bonham, Lady Clifford)) — novelist. 

Has written many popular novels, and some plays, of 
average life in good society. Known as an amateur actress 
and a cricketer. Mother of ''E. M. Delafield" (q. v.). In 
1910 married Sir Hugh Clifford (q. v.). Representative is: 

Peter's Mother. 1905. (Novel.) 1906. (Play.) 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 17 ('99): 73, Critic, 47 ('05): 477. 
103 (portrait); 31 ('07): 204 Outlook, 80 ('05): 984. 
(portrait). Spec. 94 ('05): 258. 

Edmee Elizabeth Monica de la Pasttxre (" E. M. Dela- 
field ")— novelist. 

Daughter of Mrs Henry de la Pasture (Lady Clifford) q. v., 
step-daughter of Sir Hugh Clifford (q. v.). 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Her particular blend of humor, irony, and satire, is 
worth analysis. It is quite individual. 

2. Study the economy of her style. 

3. What is her attitude on the conventional sentiments 

49 



Edmee Elizabeth Monica de la Pasture — Continued 
associated with love by women novelists? Read in con- 
nection with one of " E. M. Delafield's " books one of her 
mother's, in order to realize sharply the difference between 
the older and the younger generation of women writers in 
this matter. 

Bibliography 

Zella Sees Herself. 191 7. 
The Pelicans. 1918. 
War Workers. 19 18. 
Tension. 1919. 
Consequences. 19 19. 
The Heel of Achilles. 19 21. 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 55 ('19): 164. Dial, 66 ('19): 238. 

(Portrait.) Dublin Rev. 165 ('20): 107. 

(Goldsworthy) Lowes Dickinson — essayist, philosopher. 
Son of the artist Lowes Dickinson. Educated at the Charter- 
house School and Cambridge. Fellow and lecturer, King's 
College, Cambridge, and lecturer at the London School of 
Economics. 

Travelled in India, China, and Japan, 19 12-13, on the 
Otto Kahn Fellowship. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Much of his writing belongs rather to history or philos- 
ophy by its content, but by virtue of its clear beauty of style 
may be classed as literature also. 

2. Remember that his fundamental purpose is critical 
examination of the poKtical, social, and intellectual ideas of 
the civilizations of to-day, and that he has had opportunities 
to contrast that of his native England with the chief civili- 
zations of the Orient, on the one hand, and with that of our 
own country, on the other. In these contrasts lies the main 
source of interest to most readers. 

3. Do not attempt to read him passively; he requires active 

so 



Lowes Dickinson — Continued 

mental cooperation, even for the full appreciation of his 

humor. 

4. If at first his work does not appeal to you, continue to 
read him. If it seems to you dry, unromantic, cold, try 
to discover the source of these impressions and to find out 
what counter-balancing merits it has to have given Dickin- 
son the reputation of being one of the most brilUant writers 
of to-day. 

Bibliography 

* Letters from John Chinaman. 1901. (Am. ed,, Letters from a 

Chinese oflficial.) (See W, J. Bryan's reply, Letters to a Chinese 
official. 1903.) 
Religion: a criticism and a forecast. 1905. 
The Meaning of Good. 1906. 
The Greek View of Life. 1906. 
From King to King. 1907. (Historical dialogues; 17th Century.) 

* A Modern Symposium. 1908. 
Justice and Liberty. 1908. 
Religion and Immortality. 191 1. 

* An Essay on the Civilization of India, China, and Japan. 1914. 

* Appearances. Notes of Travel, East and West. 1914. 
After the War. 1915. 

The European Anarchy. 1916. 

The Choice Before us. 191 7. 

The Magic Flute. A Fantasia. 1920. 

Studies and Reviews 

Chesterton. Heretics. Atlan. 103 ('09): 845 (More). 

More, Paul Elmer. Shelbume Dial, 41 ('06): 226. 

Essays. Seventh Series. 1910. Lond. Times, Jan. 16, 1921: 9. 

Nation, 88 ('09): 352. 

Charles Montagu Doughty— Traveller, poet. 

Born in Suffolk, 1843. Distinguished traveller, holding 
degrees from both Oxford and Cambridge. Received the 
Royal Founder's Medal of the Royal Geographical Society 
in 19 1 2. Lived for years among the Arabs. He is strongly 
influenced by Chaucer and Spenser, and his poems and prose 
are written in an archaic and distinctive English that he has 
made his own. 

SI 



Charles Montague Doughty — Continued 
Bibliography 

* Travels in Arabia Deserta. 1888. 
Dawn in Britain. 1906-07. 
Adam Cast Forth. 1908. 
The Cliffs. 1914. 
The Clouds. 191 2. 
The Titans. 1916. 
Mansoul or the Riddle of the World. 1920. 

Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 1921, i: 150. Lond. Times, Apr. 28, 1921: 71. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 30 ('06): 107, Nation (Lond.) 28 ('21): 666. 

222 (portrait); 42 ('12): 176; 50 19th Cent. 77 ('15): 631. 

('16): 79 (Thomas); 58 ('20): 11. No. Am. 198 ('13): 365. 

Edin. R. 210 ('09): 378. Quar. 224 ('15): 395. 
Eng. Rev. 3 ( '09) : 369. (Gamett.) 

Norman Douglas — novelist, man of letters. 

Bibliography 

Siren Land. 191 1. (Travel.) 
Fountains in the Sand. 191 2. (Travel.) 
Old Calabria. 1915. (Travel.) 
London Street Games. 1916. 
South Wind. 191 7. (Novel.) 
They Went. 1920. (Novel.) 

Studies and Reviews 

Mais. Lond. Times, Sept. 23, 1920: 615. 

Nation (Lond.) 2S ('20): 167. 
Eng. Rev. 31 ('20): 476. New Statesman, 9 ('17): 306. 

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle — novelist. 

Born in Edinburgh, 1869. Educated at Stonyhurst College 
and Edinburgh University. Practiced medicine at Southsea, 
1882-90. Travelled widely both in the Arctic regions and in 
tropical Africa. His work falls into two groups: historical 
novels and detective stories. Representative books are: 

Micah Clarke. 1888. (Historical novel.) 
The White Company. 1890. (Historical novel.) 
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. 1891. (Detective story.) 
Round the Red Lamp. 1894. (Detective stories.) 

52 



Sir Arthur Conan Doyle — Continued 

Studies and Reviews 

Acad. ^6 ('14): 680. ('02): I, 6 (illustrated); 43 ('12): 

Bookm. 39 ('14): 498; 51 ('20): 95 (illustrated). 

579. Liv. Age, 275 ('12): 778; 300 

BcK)km. (Lond.) 2 ('92): 50; 22 ('19): 730. 

John Drinkwater — poet, dramatist. 

Born in 1882. Was twelve years in the insurance busi- 
ness. Co-founder of the Pilgrim Players, which developed 
into the Birmingham Repertory Theatre Company, of which 
he is now manager. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Before you begin to read Drinkwater, sum up in your 
mind the characteristics of Manchester, if necessary reading 
something about the city; then decide whether or not the 
mark of Manchester is to be seen in Drinkwater's work. 

2. Is his poetic feeling sincere? Apply such tests as you 
can to determine this. 

3. What is the range of his subject-matter and of his inter- 
ests? 

4. Distinguish between the aesthetic and the ethical value 
of his work. 

5. What resemblances do you note between his work and 
that of Gibson? what differences? 

6. In what respects is he like and in what respects unHke 
Abercrombie? 

7. With what other modern poets might he be compared? 

Bibliography 

Poems. 1903. 

Death of Leander. 1906. 

Poems of Men and Hours, 191 1. 

Cophetua. 191 2. 

Poems of Love and Earth. 191 2. 

WUliam Morris: a study. 1912. 

Swinburne: a study. 19 13. 

Cromwell and Other Poems. 1913. 



John Drinkwater — Continued 

Rebellion. 1914. 
Swords and Ploughshares. 1915. 
The Storm. 1915. 
The Lyric: an Essay. 1915. 
Olton Pools. 19 1 6. 
* Poems: 1908-14. 1917. 
Pawns. 191 7. (The Storm; The God of Quiet; x = o; A Night of the 

Trojan War.) 
Tides. 191 7. 
Prose Papers. 191 7. 
Abraham Lincoln. 1918. (Play.) 
Loyalties. 1919. 
Mary Stuart: a play. 192 1. 
Also in: Georgian Poetry. 1911-12; 1913-15. 

New Numbers. 

Oxford Book of Victorian Verse. 

Studies and Reviews 

Phelps. (English Poetry.) Dial, 65 ('18): 20; 70 ('21): 478. 

Liv. Age, 286 ('15): 488; 300 

Ath. 191 7, 39. ('19): 623. 

Bookm. 41 ('15): 446; 47 ('18): Lond. Times, Dec. 27, 191 7: 

439. 646; Apr. 7 1921: 225. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 56 ('19): 70, 74 Nation, 107 ('18): 201. 

(portraits); 57 ('19): loi, 104. 

Edward John Moreton Drax Plunkett, Lord Dunsany — 

dramatist, story writer. 

Eighteenth Baron Dunsany, with estates in Meath, Ire- 
land, and in Kent. Born in 1878. Educated at Eton and 
Sandhurst; cricketer and sportman. Served in the Boer War 
and in the World War. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. To read Dunsany with profit, it is necessary to lay aside 
all theories about Uterature and to let yourself go in the world 
of uncontrolled romance. How and with what effect are 
realistic touches introduced? 

2. How far is his content inspired by memories of Maeter- 
linck? of the Arabian Nights? of Irish fairy tales? by life in 
London? by Greek mythology? by the Bible? by anything else 

54 



Lord Dnnsany— Continued 

familiar to you? Can you decide whether he is particularly 
successful in one kind of material, and if so, can you account 
for this? 

3. By what devices does he get remoteness — complete 
romance? Consider: (a) his names of persons and places; 
(b) suggestion; (c) confusion of details belonging to reality: 
(d) economy; (e) rhythm. 

4. Does the merit of his work depend upon an original and 
valuable philosophy of life, upon great beauty of expression, 
or upon clever trickery that keeps the reader guessing how far 
sheer fooling can go — or to what degree upon each of these? 

Bibliography 

A Dreamer's Tales. 19 10. 
The Book of Wonder. 191 2. 

* Five Plays. 1914: The Gods of the Mountain, The Golden Doom, 

King Argimenes and the Unknown Warrior, The Glittering Gate, 
The Lost Silk Hat. 

* Fifty-one Tales, 1915. 

The Last Book of Wonder. 1916. 

Plays of Gods and Men. 191 7. (The Tents of the Arabs; The 
Laughter of the Gods; The Queen's Enemies; A Night at an Inn.) 
Nowadays. 1918. 
Tales of War. 1918. 
Unhappy Far-ofif-Things. 1919. 
Tales of Three Hemispheres. 1920. 

Studies and Reviews 

Boyd (Apprec, Contemp., Ire- Dial, 62 ('17): 170. 

land's Lit. Ren.). Drama, 10 ('19): 62. 

Forum, 57 ('17): 497. 

Bellman, 22 ('17): 405. Lit. Digest, 54 ('17): 900. (Por- 
Bookm. 44 ('17): 469. (Illus- trait.) 

trated.) Lond. Times, July 8, 1920: 437. 

Cur. Op. 66 ('19): 176. N. Y. Times, 24 ('19): i. 

St. John (Greer) Ervine — dramatist, novehst. 

Born in Belfast, 1883. In business with an insurance 
company until 19 13. Became manager of the Abbey Theatre 
in Dublin, in 1915. 

His plays are tragedies; his novels are much lighter in tone. 

SS 



St. John Ervine — Continued 

Bibliography 

The Magnanimous Lover. 1907. (One-act play.) 

Mixed Marriage. 1910. (Play.) 
♦JaneClegg. 191 1. (Three-act Play.) 
* John Ferguson. 1914. (Four-act play.) 

Eight O'clock and other Stories. 

Mrs. Martin's Man. (Novel.) 

Alice and a Family. (Novel.) 

Changing Winds. (Novel.) 

The Foolish Lovers. (Novel.) 

Studies ^nd Reviews 

Boyd. (Contemp.) Cur. Op. 58 ('15): 426. 

Clark. Liv. Age, 305 ('20): 45. 

Weygandt. N. Y. Times, 25 (*2o): 264. 

Outlook, 125 ('20): 388. (Por- 

Bookm. (Lond.) 57 ('19): 96, 97; trait.) 

57 ('20): 145. Touchstone, 6 ('19): 42. 
Book News Mo. 35 ('17): 325. 

" Edward Eastaway." See Edward Thomas. 

Caradoc Evans— short-story writer. 

Born in Carmarthenshire, Wales, the country he describes. 
Educated at a board school and a workingmen's college in 
London. Apprenticed for twelve years (13 to 25) to drapers; 
then became a journaHst. Strongly influenced in his youth 
by an itinerant Welsh satirical poet, Rev. Thomas Benjamin. 
Knew no Enghsh until he was twelve years old. Formed his 
style by studying the King James Bible, using the Welsh 
Bible as a key. 

Bibliography 

My People. 19 15. 
Capel Sion. 19 16. 
My Neighbours. 1918. 

Suggestions for Reading 

I. Evans's art is so distinctive that it cannot be judged by 
conventional standards. The study of it must begin with his 

S6 



Caradoc Evans — Continued 

style. Look for and, if possible, list examples of biblical 

phrasing. 

If you know someone familiar with Welsh, list turns of 
phrase that you know are not EngHsh and ask whether they 
represent Welsh idiom. 

Consider and discuss the utility of Evans's style as a 
medium for expressing art and its value as art. Do not judge 
it by isolated passages, but by many passages of different 
t3^es. Determine its range and its limitations. 

2. What Welsh traits of character does Evans dwell upon? 
Do you think his picture is true? is incomplete? is prejudiced? 
Judge his work in the light of the saying attributed to Mere- 
dith (himself a Welshman) that there is human nature and 
Welsh nature. 

3. Sum up Evans's merits and his defects and reach a 
conclusion as to the place in Hterature that he is likely to take. 

4. Do you agree with the critic who says that Evans's work 
in spirit is akin to the attitude of one who says unpleasant 
things about his mother? 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 49 ('15): 98; 51 Nation, no ('20): 522. 

('17): 191; S3 ('17): 6; 58 ('20): Nation (Lond.) 27 ('20): 77. 

26. (Portraits.) N. Y. Call, Apr. 18, 1920: lo. 

Freeman, i ('20): 430. N. Y. Times, 25 ('20): 160, 191. 
London Times, Mar. 4, 1920: 154. 

Cecily Fairfield (" Rebecca West ") — critic, novelist. 

Made a reputation while still very young as "the high- 
browed reviewer of books who removes the skin of her victims 
with a happy laugh." Her first victim seems to have been 
Mrs. Humphry Ward. 

Bibliography 

Henry James. 1916. (Study.) 

The Return of the Soldier. 1918. (Novel.) 

57 



Cecily Fairfield — Continued 

Studies and Reviews 

Bellman, 24 ('18): 698. Lond. Times, June 13, 1916: 335; 

Bookm. (Lond.) 54 ('18): 123. May 30, 1918: 255. 

(Portrait.) Nation, 106 ('18): 349. 

Dial, 61 ('16): 344; 64 ('18): 299. New Repub. 9 ('16): sup. 2: 14 

Egoist, 5 ('18): 114 (cf. 139)= Cur. ('18): 240. 

Op. 66 ['19]: 50). N. Y. Times, 23 ('18): loi. 

Ind. 94 ('18): 96. No. Am. 207 ('18): 764. 

Sat. Rev. 125 ('18): 125. 

Harold Fielding-Hall — man of letters. 

Born in Ireland, 1859, of a family associated with Durham 
as early as 1407. Educated at Leamington College. Went 
round the world in a sailing ship, 1878. Coffee planting in 
Upper Burma, 1 879-1885. In government service as political 
officer for a district, 1887-91, and became district magistrate 
1901 ; organized rural banks in Burma, 1904-06. Retired 1906 
and returned to England. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. His work, as far as it concerns Oriental philosophy, 
makes an admirable introduction to that subject, being 
written with sympathy, knowledge based upon long experi- 
ence, and simplicity. 

2. Is his writing notable for technical skill, or for personal 
charm? Analyze its qualities. 

3. Read passages aloud to feel the somewhat monotonous 
beauty of his unadorned style, and to get the almost hypnotic 
transmission of the feeling which underlies all that he writes. 

Bibliography 

* The Soul of a People. 1899. 

The Hearts of Men. 1901. 

A People at School. 1906. 
*The Inward Light. 1908. 

One Immortality. 1909. 

The World Soul. 1913. 

The Passing of Empire. 19 14. 

Love's Legend. 1914. (Novel.) 

Tales and Poems. 1916. 

58 



Harold Fielding-Hall — Continued 

Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 1914, i: 886. Nation, 99 ('14): 306. 

Bookm. 40 ('14): 170. Sat. Rev. 117 ('14): 833. 

Jane and Mary Findlater — novelists. 

Scotchwomen and sisters, friends of Kate Douglas Wiggin, 
with whom they collaborated in The A fair at the Inn. They 
were born at Lochearnhead, daughters of a minister, and 
were educated at home; they live now in Devonshire. They 
write Scotch novels, separately and together. Representative 
books are: 

Bibliography 

The Green Graves of Balgowrie. (Jane.) 
Tents of a Night. 1914. (Mary.) 
Penny Monypenny. 1913. (Both.) 

Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 1911, 2: 588. Nation, 96 ('13): 361. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 10 ('96): 105; N. Y. Times, 18 ('13): 115. 

16 ('99): 21, 33; 34 ('08): 44. R. of Rs. 47 ('13): 762. 

(Portraits.) Sat. Rev. 112 ('11): 775. 
Ind. 74 ('13): 533. 

George Fitzmaurice — dramatist. 
Irish folk dramatist. 

Bibliography 

The Country Dressmaker. 1907. 
The Piedish. 1908. 
Five Plays. 1914. 

Studies and Reviews 

Boyd (Contemp.; Ireland's Lit. Ren.). 

James Elroy Flecker. 

Born in 1884. Educated at Oxford. Travelled in France 
and Italy. Was in the British consular service at Constanti- 

59 



James Elroy Flecker — Continued 

nople, Smyrna, and Beirut. Died of phthisis at Davos 

Platz in 1915. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Distinguish between those of Flecker's poems that show 
the effect of his experience in the Near-East and those that 
show only the influence of his classical education. 

2. What traces do you find in his work of the influence of 
Yeats? of A. E. Housman? of the French Parnassians? 

3. Make a special study of his power of making pictures. 

4. Make a special study of his metres. 

Bibliography 

The Bridge of Fire. 1908. 
The Last Generation. 1908. 
The Grecians: A Dialogue on Education. 1910. 
Thirty-Six Poems. 19 10. 
Forty-Two Poems. 191 1. 
The Scholar's Italian Grammar. 191 1. 
Golden Journey to Samarkand. 1913, 1915. (Note Preface.) 
The King of Alsander: A Novel. 1914. 
The Old Ships. 191 5. 
The Burial in England. 1915. 
God Save the King. 191 5. 
* Collected Poems. 1916. (With an introduction by J. C. Squire.) 
Selected Poems. 1918. 
Collected Prose. 1920. 

Paul Fort, Prince of Poets. [19th Cent. 77 ('15): 115.I 

Studies and Reviews 

Goldring. Bookm. (Lond.) 51 ('16): 96. 

Phelps. (English Poetry.) Book News Mo. 35 ('17): 351. 

Squire, J. C. Introduction to Egoist, 2 ('15): 38. (Monro); 89. 

Collected Poems. (Aldington.) 

Waugh. Liv. Age, 291 ('16): 461. 

Williams. London Times, Sept. 28, 1916: 457; 

Oct. 26, 1916: 513; Nov. II, 
Ath. 1916: 527; 1920, 2: 727. 1920: 729. 

Bookm. 43 ('16): 631; 46 (*i8): New Repub. 10 ('17): sup. 12. 

638. 19th Cent. 75 ('14): 186. 

60 



F. S. Flint— poet, critic. 

One of the leading Imagists; translator of Verhaeren and 
of Jean de Bosschere. Read his "History of Imagism," 
Egoist, 2 ('15); 70. He writes especially about London. For 
Suggestions for Reading see Richard Aldington. 

Bibliography 

In the Net of the Stars. 1909. 

Cadences, 191 5. 

The Mosella of Decimus Magnus Ausonius. 191 6. 

Also in: Des Imagistes. 1914. 

Some Imagist Poets. 1915, 1916. 

Otherworld. 1920. (With preface on the nature of poetry.) 

The Egoist. (Passim.) 

The Chapbook. (Passim.) 



Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 1920, 2: 46. Eng. Rev. 33 ('21): 6 (May Sin- 

Egoist, I ('14): 203; 2 ('15): 80, clair). 

188. Everyman, 16 ('20): 276. 

New Repub. 3 ('15): 75, 154, 204. 



Edward Morgan Forster — novelist. 

Born in 1879. Educated at Cambridge. Internal evidence 
shows that he has travelled abroad, especially in Italy. Has 
a strong following of admirers among other writers. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Does the work of this writer at once remind you of the 
work of any other? If not, what are the first differences that 
you note? 

2. Is he primarily interested in social or philosophical 
propaganda, in the working out of an elaborate plot tech- 
nique, in the presentation of special types of character or 
modes of Hfe in particular settings, or merely in the represen- 
tation of certain aspects of life and kinds of people with which 
his own experience has made him familiar? 

3. As little has been published about his life, it is an inter- 

61 



Edward Morgan Forster — Continued 

esting study to collect inferences from his books, and to see 

which can be securely established. 

4. List episodes and types of character which you do not 
remember to have encountered before in English fiction. 

5. What things in his material or in his style came to you 
with a sense of surprise as you read? Do you see in this fact 
a sign of promise for his future? Why? 

Bibliography 

Where Angels Fear to Tread. 1905. 
The Longest Journey. 1907. 
A Room With a View. 1908. 
The Celestial Omnibus, and other stories. 191 1. 
* Howard's End. 191 1. 
The Story of the Siren. 1920. 



Studies and Reviews 

Bennett (p. 292). Bookm. (Lend.) 32 ('07): 81, 109 

Walpole, Joseph Conrad (pp. 116- (portrait). 

17). Cur. Lit. 50 ('ii): 454. 

Lond. Times, June 22, 1911: 238. 
Ath. 1920, 2: 209 (Mansfield.) New Repub. 26 ('21): 246. 

Bookm. 51 ('20): 342. N. Y. Times, 25 ('20): 168. 



John Freeman — poet, critic. 
Born in 1885. 



Bibliography 

Twenty Poems. 1909. 

Fifty Poems. 191 1. (New ed., 1916.) 

* Stone Trees and Other Poems. 1916. 

Presage of Victory and Other Poems of the Time. 1916. 
The Moderns. 1916. (Criticism.) 
Memories of Childhood. 1918. 

* Memories of Childhood and Other Poems. 19 19. 
Also in: Georgian Poetry. 

The Owl, 2. 

62 



John Freeman — Continued 

Studies and Reviews 

Mais. la Mare); 50 ('16): 107; 52 

Waugh. ('17): 16; 56 ('19): 6s (por- 

trait). 
Bookm. (Lond.) 36 ('09): 43 (De Lond. Mercury, 2 ('20): 190. 

Norman (Rowland) Gale — poet, man of letters. 
Born in 1862. Representative books are: 

A Country Muse. 1892. (2 Series.) 

Orchard Songs, 1893. 

Norman Gale Treasury. 1906. (Selected by Albert Broadbent.) 

Collected Poems. 19 14. 

The Candid Cuckoo. 1918. 

A Merry-Go-Round of Song. 1919. 

Studies and Reviews 

Acad. 42 ('92): 186. Critic, 22 ('93): 84. (Portrait.) 

Bookm. (Lond.) 2 ('92): 122; Spec. 68 ('92): 847; 69 ('92): 960. 
3 ('93): 127. 

John Galsworthy — novelist, dramatist. 

Born in Surrey, in 1867, of an old Devonshire family. 
Educated at Harrow and Oxford; studied law and was ad- 
mitted to the Bar in 189a, but practiced little. Has travelled 
extensively. On Conrad's ship in 1894 and advised Conrad 
(q. V.) to publish Almayer^s Folly. Lives the life of a country 
gentleman on the edge of Dartmoor. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Analyze, and keep in mind as you read, Galsworthy's 
explanation of the function of art: "Art is the one form of 
human energy which really works for union and destroys the 
barriers between man and man. It is the continual, uncon- 
scious replacement of one self by another." See Galsworthy's 
articles on art and on the drama (cf. Bibliography). 

2. Study each novel that you read as a criticism of social 
organization. Consider how far the plot is subordinated to 

63 



John Galsworthy — Continued. 

the theme, how far the characters are presented as types 

rather than as individuals. 

3. Do the characters develop, or are they stationary? By 
what different methods are they presented? Consider the 
following: appearance, manner, dress, action, speech, habit, 
environment, effect upon other persons, direct explanation. 
Galsworthy's technique in character presentation is particu- 
larly valuable to students of composition. 

4. Study his use of Nature and animals; his methods of 
getting atmosphere into his novels. 

5. Observe instances of two striking devices which Gals- 
worthy uses in developing his criticisms of society: (i) irony; 
(2) symboHsm. 

6. In studying the structure of the plays, remember that 
Galsworthy is a lawyer. Is it true that his plays are built up 
Uke pleas for cases in law? Are they one-sided, or are both 
sides presented? 

7. Remember Galsworthy's own statement that each play 
should have a "spire" of meaning; that "every grouping of 
life and character has its inherent moral and the dramatist's 
business is to set it forth or at least to present the situations 
in Nature from which the pubHc can draw the moral." 

8. Study one of the plays to find out how it combines the 
old and the new technique (cf. Suggestions on Barker). 

9. Compare the methods of characterization used in the 
plays with those used in the novels. 

10. Make a special study of the dialogue. Is it (i) natural? 
(2) concentrated? (3) economical? (4) suggestive? (5) artistic? 

11. Are Galsworthy's plays for the stage or the study? 
or are they equally effective when read or when presented? 

Bibliography 

From the Four Winds. 1897. (Short stories, by "John Sinjohn.") 
Jocelyn. 1898. (Novel, by "John Sinjohn.") 
Villa Rubein. 1900. (Short novel, by "John Sinjohn.") 
A Man of Devon. 1901. (Short novel, by "John Sinjohn.") 
The Island Pharisees. 1904. (Novel.) 

64 



John OoXs^orHhy— Continued 

* The Man of Property. 1906. (Novel.) 
The Country House. 1907. (Novel.) 

A Commentary. 1908. (Sketches.) 

* Fraternity. 1908. (Novel.) 

* Plays. Volume I. 1909. (The Silver Box; Joy; Strife.) 

* Justice. 1910. (Play.) 

A Motley. 1910. (Sketches.) 
The Patrician. 191 1. (Novel.) 
The Little Dream. 191 1. (Play.) 
*The Pigeon. 191 2. (Play.) 
Moods, Songs and Doggerels. 191 2. 
The Inn of Tranquillity: Studies and Essays. 19 12. 
The Eldest Son. 191 2. (Play.) 
Plays. Volume II. 191 2. (The Eldest Son; The Little Dream; 

Justice.) 
The Fugitive. 1913. (Play.) 
The Dark Flower. 1913. (Novel.) 
The Mob. 1914. (A play.) 

Plays. Volume III. 19 14. (The Fugitive; The Pigeon; The Mob.) 
Some Slings and Arrows from John Galsworthy. 19 14. (Selected by 

Elsie E. Morton.) 
The Little Man, and Other Satires. 1915. 
A Bit o' Love. 1915. (Play.) 
The Freelands. 1915. (Novel.) 
A Sheaf. Volume I. 1916. (Essays.) 
Beyond. 191 7. (Novel.) 
The Foundations. 191 7. (Play.) 
Five Tales. 1918. 
A Sheaf. Volume II. 19 19. 
Saints' Progress. 1919. (Novel.) 
Tatterdemalion. 1920. (Novel.) 
The Skin-Game. 1920. (Play.) 
In Chancery. 1920. (Novel.) 



* Some Platitudes concerning the Drama 

fAtlan. 104 (,'09): 768=Fortn. 92 ('09): 1004]. 

* Vague Thoughts on Art. 

[Atlan. 109 ('12): 557 =Fortn. 97 ('12): 279.] 



(Revised in 
The Inn 

of 
Tranquility.) 



Studies and Reviews 



Bennett. Kaye-Smith, Sheila. John Gals- 

Clark, B. H. worthy. 1916. 

Cooper. Phelps. (English Novel.) 



Cunliffe. 



6S 



John Galsworthy — Continued 

Skemp, A. R., in Essays and Cur. Lit. 45 ('08): 408. 

Studies by Members of the Dial, 59 ('15): 201. 

English Association (ed., C. H. Everyman, 16 ('20): 175. 

Herford). Fortn. 91 ('09): 971; 100 ('13): 

Waugh. 739=Liv. Age, 279 ('13); 331; 

no ('18): 83. 

Bookm. 45 ('17): 292. Harp. Wkly. 56 ('12): 6. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 45 ('13): 91 (illus- Liv. Age, 264 ('10): 607. 

trated); 59 ('20): 9. No. Am. 202 ('15): 889. 

Cent. 94 ('19): 828. Westm. R. 171 ('09): 682. 



Edward Gamett — critic, man of letters. 

Born in 1868, the son of Dr. Richard Garnett, superin- 
tendent of the Reading Room at the British Museum, also a 
scholar and author. An authority on Turgenev. His wife 
also, Constance Garnett, is well known as a translator of 
Russian novels. 

Suggestions for Reading 

Mr. Garnett's most important work has been to discover 
new authors. It is an interesting study to try to discover 
from his articles the bases on which he has built up judg- 
ments later confirmed by the pubHc. Among his books are: 

An Imaged World. 1894. (Impressions.) 
The Breaking Point. 1907. (Play.) 



Studies and Reviews 

Conrad. Notes on Life and Letters, pp. 45 ff. 
Harper's 130 ('15): 796. (Howells.) 

Walter Lionel George — noveHst, journalist. 

Born in 1882 in Paris; educated there and in Germany. 
Has university degree and has experimented with many pro- 
fessions: as chemist, engineer, barrister, soldier, business man. 
Began journahsm about 1907. Served in the French army 
during the War. Subjects on which he has written range 

66 



Walter Lionel George — Continued 

from the troubadours to the finance of railways. He is 
especially interested in problems connected with feminism, 
sex, marriage and divorce, and in internationaUsm, being an 
aggressive pacifist. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Consider how George's French training and life experi- 
ence affect the quality of his work. Do they seem to you to 
make for good literature or good journalism? 

2. Consider, with George's work as a text, whether or not 
a good journalist is likely to make a great literary artist. In 
pursuit of this problem, first read The Second Blooming in 
connection with George's articles on women, and then Caliban 
as a presentation of a journahst's career. The subject can 
be pursued further in the works of George, and continued in 
the work of Bennett and of Wells especially, among journal- 
istic writers. 

3. Do you discover in George any striking originaHty in 
theme, plot, characterization, style? or is he all-round good 
without attracting your attention to any individual grace 
or defect? 

Bibliography 

A Bed of Roses. 191 1. 
The City of Light. 191 2. 
Israel Kalisch. 1913. 
Woman and To-morrow. 1913. 
The Making of an Englishman. 1914. 
* The Second Blooming. 1914. 
Dramatic Actualities. 1914. (Criticism.) 
Anatole France. 19 15. 
Olga Nazimov. 1915. (Short stories.) 
The Stranger's Wedding. 1916. 
The Intelligence of Woman. 191 7. 
A Novehst on Novels. 1918. (Criticism.) 
A London Mosaic. 19 18. 
Eddies of the Day. 1919. 
Blind Alley. 1919. 
Caliban. 1920. 
"Hail, Columbia." 1921. 

67 



Walter Lionel George — Continued 

Studies and Reviews 

Bellman, 26 ('19): 578. Bookm. (Lond.) 46 ('14): 109 (por- 

Bookm. 39 ('14): 20. trait); 57 ('19): 96, 97. 

Cur. Op. 69 ('20): 529. 

Perceval Gibbon — novelist, short-story writer. 

Born in Wales, 1879. Educated at a Moravian school. 
Has served in the merchant service, on British, French, and 
American ships. Has been a journalist and war correspond- 
ent. Has travelled especially in Africa. Representative 
work: 

The Adventures of Miss Gregory. 191 2. 
The Second-Class Passenger. 19 13. 
Those Who Smiled. 1920. 

Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 191 2, i: 621. Bookm. (Lond.) 58 ('20): 194. 

Booklist, 9 ('13): 454. (portrait), 208. 

Bookm. 37 ('13): 444. Spec. 108 ('12): 916. 

Sir Philip (Hamilton) Gibbs — journaHst, novelist. 

Educated privately. Did editorial work for Cassell and Co. 
Began journalism in 1902; on the Daily Mail, Tribune, and 
Daily Chronicle. Served as War correspondent with the 
French and Belgian armies, 1914, and with the British, 
19 15-18. Representative are: 

The Street of Adventure. 1909. 

Realities of War. 1920. (American ed., Now It Can Be Told.) 

People of Destiny. 1920. (Impressions of America.) 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. 49 ('19): 257; 57 ('20): Lit. Digest, 54 ('17): 129. 

145. (Portraits.) N. Y. Times, 25 ('20): 192. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 51 ('16): 68. 

(Portrait.) 

68 



Wilfrid Wilson Gibson — poet. 

Born at Hexham, Northumberland, 1880, and has lived an 
uneventful life; lives now in Gloucestershire. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Compare the poems written before Daily Bread with this 
or later work and draw your conclusions as to what has 
happened in the poet's mind. 

2. After reading a number of poems, decide whether 
Gibson's strength lies in the lyric or in the dramatic or dra- 
matic narrative poem. Phrase the reasons that lead to your 
conclusion. 

3. In regard to the dramatic poems and dramatic narra- 
tive poems, answer the following questions: (a) Do they 
show sympathetic famiharity with the situations presented? 
(b) How wide is the range of material so treated? (c) Is 
the poet's main concern with passion or with adornment? 
(d) What means of adornment does he use, to what extent 
and how? (e) Do the poems give you the sensations of varied 
rhythms suited to moods, or of a continuous stride? Ex- 
plain your last answer by a study of the metre. 

4. Find especially striking nature passages and analyze 
their beauty. 

5. Can you find one word or phrase to express Gibson's 
dominant passion? Does he make his style the servant of 
this passion? If so, how? Then how should you sum up the 
peculiar quaUty that sets him apart from all other poets of 
to-day? 

Bibliography 

Urlyn the Harper. 1902. 
The Queen's Vigil. 1902. 
The Golden Helm. 1903. 
The Nets of Love. 1905. 
On the Threshold. 1907. 
Stonefolds. 1907. 
The Web of Life. 1908. 
Akra the Slave. 1910. 
Daily Bread. 1910. 
Fires. 1912. 
Womenkind. 191 2. 

69 



Wilfrid Wilson Gibson— ConHnued 

Thoroughfares. 1914. 
Borderlands. 19 14. 
Battle. 1915. 
Friends. 1916. 
Livelihood. 191 7. 

Whin. 1918. (American ed., Hill-Tracks.) 
* Collected Poems. 19 18. 
Home. 1920. 
Neighbors. 1920. 

Also in: Georgian Poetry. 1911-12; 1913-15. 
New Numbers. 19 14. 

Studies and Reviews 

Aiken. Dial, 62 ('17): 223. 

Cunliffe. Fortn. loi ('14): 498. 

Phelps. (English Poetry.) Lond. Times, Feb. 15, 1917: 

Sturgeon. 79. 

Wilhams. New Repub. 13 ('17): supp.: 

10. 

Ath. 1915, 2: 433. New Statesman, 8 ('17): 617. 

Atlan. Ill ('13): 489. 19th Cent. 75 ('14): 186. 

Bookm. 35 ('12): 159; 46 ('18): Quar. 224 ('15): 395. 

563. Survey, 31 ('14): 707; 37 ('17): 
Bookm. (Lond.) 51 ('16): 67; 409, 496. 

57 ('19): lOI. 

Douglas Goldring — poet, critic, novelist. 

Born 1888. At Oxford but did not finish his course. On 
the staff of Country Life and the English Review. 

Bibliography 

A Country Boy. 1910. 

Streets. 191 2. 

In the Town: a Book of London Verses. 1916. 

On the Road: a Book of Travel Songs. 1916. 

The Fortune; a Romance of Friendship. 191 7. 

Reputations. 1920. (Criticism.) 

The Fight for Freedom. 1920. (Play.) 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 51 ('16): 108; Nation, no ('20): 48. 

58 ('20): 86. N. Y. Times, 24 ('19): 635. 
Egoist, 5 ('18): 10. Review, i ('19): 624. 
Freeman, 2 ('20): 332, 477. 

70 



Edmund (William) Gosse— critic, poet. 

Born in 1849. Son of P. H. Gosse, zoologist. Educated 
privately. Has received honorary degrees from Cambridge 
and St. Andrews universities. Assistant Librarian of the 
British Museum, 1867-75. Librarian of the House of Lords, 
1904-14. Has written many volumes of biography and 
criticism on English men of letters and aspects of English 
literature. 

Bibliography 

Father and Son. A Study of Two Temperaments. 1907. 

Collected Poems, 191 1. 

Collected Essays. 5 volumes. 19 13. 

Diversions of a Man of Letters. 19 19. 

For complete Bibliography to 1920, cf. Lond. Mercury, 3 ('20): 212. 



Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 2 ('92): 78; 66: 287, 347, 394. (Imaginary 

10 ('96): 165 (portrait); 44 conversation between Gosse and 

('13): 109. (Illustrated.) Moore.) 

Fortn. no ('18): 612, 772; in Liv. Age, 306 ('20): 304. 

('19): 139, 303 =Dial, 65: 253; N. Am. 198 ('13): 365. 

(Robert Bontine Gallnigad) Cunninghame Graham — man 

of letters. 

Bom in Scotland, 1852, of an old Scottish family. Laird of 
Ardoch. Educated at Harrow. Has lived in many parts of 
the world. Is especially familiar with South America and 
Northern Africa; but has studied life in many out-of-the way 
places. An ardent sociahst and a passionate lover of horses. 

Suggestions for Reading 

I. Reading Cunninghame Graham is an adventure, but it 
needs to be undertaken with full activity of mind. It is made 
difficult by his foreign subject-matter, his large use of local 
color and foreign words, his allusions to things not commonly 
known, and his bitter irony. He writes to present the truth 
as he sees it without regard for the brains or feelings of his 

71 



Cunninghame Graham — Continued 

readers, and his work is probably of more value than that of 

many of his popular contemporaries. 

2. Clear your mind of all expectation of the conventional in 
plot (if a story) or in treatment, and keep an open eye for 
unexpected and delightful wisdom, irony, and wit. 

3. Study the quaUties of vigor, vividness, and suggestion, 
particularly, in his style. To do this, note exceptionally 
effective passages and analyze the movement of his sentences, 
his imagery, color, concentration, and so on. 

Bibliography 

* Mogreb-el-Acksa: Journey in Morocco. 1895. 
Father Archangel of Scotland and Other Essays. 1896. 
Aurora la Cujiiii; Realistic Sketch in Seville. 1898. 

The Ipana. 1899. (With Mrs. Cunninghame Grahame.) 

Thirteen Stories. 1900, 

A Vanished Arcadia. 1901. 

Success. 1902. 

Life of Hernando de Soto. 1902. 

Progress. 1905. 

His People. 1906. 

Faith. 1909. 

Hope. 1910. 

Charity. 191 2. 

A Hatchment. 19 13. 

* Scottish Stories. 1914. 

Life of Bernal Diaz del Castillo. 1915. 
Brought Forward. 1916. 

Studies and Reviews 

Parker. Bookm. (Lond.): 49 ('16): 174; 

SI ('16): 98. 
Bookm. 47 ('18): 154. (Portrait.) Cur. Lit. 53 ('12): 470. (Portrait.) 

New Statesman, 8 ('16): 134. 

Stephen Graham — editor, author. 

Bom in 1884. Lived in Little Russia and Moscow. 
Tramped in Caucasus, Crimea, Ural Mountains, and the far 
north of Russia. Accompanied Russian peasant pilgrims to 
Jerusalem. Went steerage with party of Russian immigrants 

72 



Stephen Graham — Continued 

to New York. Tramped from New York to Chicago, and 
west. Travelled in central Asia, Egypt, Bulgaria and 
Roumania, etc. Served in War. 

Bibliography 

A Vagabond in the Caucasus. 191 1. 

Undiscovered Russia. 191 2. 

A Tramp's Sketches. 191 2. 

With the Russian Pilgrims to Jerusalem. 1913. 

With Poor Emigrants to America. 1914. 

The Way of Martha and the Way of Mary. 1915. 

Through Russian Central Asia. 1916. 

A Priest of the Ideal. 191 7. 

The Quest of the Face. 1918. 

A Private in the Guards. 19 19. 

Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 1917: 1034; 1920, 2: 615. Lond. Times, Oct. 17, 1919: 564, 

Bookm. 41 ('15): 15; 42 ('15): 640. N. Y. Times, 25 ('20): 29. 

(Portrait.) Sat. Rev. 128 ('19): 464. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 47 ('14): 95; 

48 ('15): 2;S4('i8):i89. 

Robert Graves — poet. 

Born in 1895. One of a group of soldier poets, of which the 
other three were his friends Robert Nichols, Charles Sorley, 
and Siegfried Sassoon. They shared hatred of war, sym- 
pathy with the sufferings of Germany, and absolute loyalty 
to England. 

Suggestions for Reading 

As these authors dealt with the same subject-matter in their 
war poems, and held many opinions in common, group 
their work under the main topics treated, and observe the 
individual marks and merits of each man. 

Bibliography 

Fairies and Fusileers. 191 7. 
Country Sentiment. 1919. 
The Pier-glass. 1921. 

73 



Robert Graves — Continued 

Also in: Georgian Poetry. 191 7-19. 
Oxford Book of Poetry 
Owl, I, 2. 

Studies and Reviews 

Aiken. Everyman, 16 ('20): 55. 

Mais. Freeman, i ('20): 430. 

London Times, Mar. 18, 1920: 191. 

Ath. 1920, i: 472. New Statesman, i7('2i): 759. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 55 ('18): 93- (Por- N. Y. Times, 25 ('20): 10. 

trait.) Spec. 124 ('20): 494. 
Bost. Trans., June 26, 1920: 7. 

Lady (Isabella Augusta) Gregory— dramatist, folklorist. 

Born in Galway, Ireland, married Sir William Gregory in 
1 88 1. Has done important work in modernizing and popular- 
izing the folklore of Western Ireland and in writing plays 
for the Abbey Theatre. Collaborated with Yeats (q. v.), 
and translated Dr. Hyde's (q. v.) plays from Irish. Rep- 
resentative works are: 

CuchuUain of Muirthemne. 1902. 

Gods and Fighting Men. 1904. 

Seven Short Plays. 1909. 

Irish Folk History Plays. 191 2. 

New Comedies. 1913. 

Our Irish Theatre. 19 13. 

Visions and Beliefs in the West of Ireland. 1920. 

Studies and Reviews 

Boyd. (Ireland's Lit. Ren.) Bookm. (Lond.) 59 ('20): 72. 

Clark. (Portraits.) 

Moore. Hail and Farewell (Ave, Conterap. 102 ('12): 602. 

especially pp. 280 ff.) Eng. Rev. 16 ('14): 167. (Moore.) 

Weygandt. Quar. 215 ('11): 219. 

Stephen (Lucius) Gwynn — journaHst, novelist. 

Born in Ireland, 1864, of a distinguished south Irish Protes- 
tant family. Educated at Oxford. Teacher of classics, 
1887-96. Began to write in 1890 and became a journalist in 
1896. Has lived in Ireland since 1904. Irish M. P., 1906-18. 

74 



Stephen Gwynn—Continued 

Served in the War. Best known for his articles about 
Ireland (poHtical and topographical), but has written fiction 
also. The following are representative: 

The Old Knowledge, igoi. 

Robert Emmet: a Historical Romance. 1910. 

Irish Books and Irish People. 1919. 

Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 1901, 2: 696; 1903, i: 170. 
Dial 31 ('01): 240. 
Nation 74 ('02): 512. 

James Owen Hannay (** George A. Birmingham")— 

novelist, dramatist. 

Born in 1865; educated at Trinity College, Dublin. Rector 
of Westmeath, Co. Mayo, 1892-1913. Canon at St. Pat- 
rick's, Dublin; temporary chaplain to the forces, 19 16. 

Made a reputation for his stories of humorous adventure in 
Ireland, of which the most famous is: 

Spanish Gold. 1908. 



Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. 35 ('12): 407. Cur. Op. 54 ('13): 229. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 43 ('12): 53; 46 Quar. 219 ('13): 42=Liv. Age, 
('14): 201. (Illustrated.) 279 ('13): 23. 



Thomas Hardy — novehst, poet. 

Born in 1840 in the Dorset described in his books. Trained 
as an architect and practiced this profession until 1867. He 
has always lived in retirement and devoted himself to his 
books. His work falls into three distinct periods: 

I. Poetry. 1867-1871. 
11. Novels and stories. 1871-1896. 
III. Poetry again, including his epic-drama, since 1896. 

75 



Thomas Kaidy— Continued 
Suggestions for Reading 

1. Remember that Hardy is fundamentally an epic poet, 
concerned with a philosophical interpretation of life experi- 
ence, and that he uses his Wessex (Dorsetshire) as an epitome 
of universal human Hfe. This he does not merely because he 
is deeply famihar with this life, but also because he recognizes 
that it is a highly individuahzed and interesting type and one 
that lends itself readily to pictorial representation. It is only 
this philosophical attitude which gives unity to his work. 
His prose and verse must be studied separately as highly 
differentiated products of genius; and The Dynasts is unique 
in literature. 

2. The novels belong to the 19th century and represent 
Hardy's revolt against the conventions (in art as in life) and 
philosophy of that time. From first to last they show such an 
extraordinary development in individuahty and power that 
they cannot be read intelligently except with the aid of 
Hardy's own classification as to type: 

I. Novels of Ingenuity (that is, in which plot is dominant). 
Desperate Remedies; The Hand of Ethelberta; A 
Laodicean. 

II. Romances and Fantasies. 

A Pair of Blue Eyes; The Trumpet-Major; Two on a 
Tower; The Well-Beloved; and the short stories, A 
Group of Noble Dames. 
HI. Novels of Character and Environment. 

Under the Greenwood Tree; Far from the Madding 
Crowd; The Return of the Native; The Mayor of 
Casterbridge; The Woodlanders; Tess of the D'Urber- 
villes; Jude the Obscure; and the two volumes of short 
stories; Wessex Tales and Life's Little Ironies. 
IV. Mixed Novels. 
A Changed Man. 

3. Observe, as fundamental in the great novels and scarcely 
absent from any of the novels, that the central idea is the 
struggle of individuals against the environment of which they 

76 



Thomas Kaidy— Continued 

are at once the products and the victims. Include in environ- 
ment both physical Nature and collective humanity. 

4. Observe that Hardy's dominant attitude, which is 
ironical, sometimes intensifying to satire, grows out of his 
intense S3mipathy with the sufferers. 

5. If you are famiHar with Zola's work, note how far it has 
suggested Hardy's later methods, especially in Tess and in 
Jude, and how and why Hardy transcends Zola. 

6. In reading the descriptions observe that Hardy tries to 
make words do duty sometimes for paint, sometimes for the 
etcher's tools. Study his scenes from the point of view of 
composition, light and shade, color values, etc. Then 
consider whether he overdoes the method, and whether less 
detail and more suggestion would have made us see more 
vividly. 

7. How far has Hardy's knowledge of building affected the 
structure and the style of his novels? This question must 
be studied very concretely if at all. 

8. In considering Hardy's prose style, remember that he is 
an artist who found his self-expression gradually, and that 
his early work is much inferior to his best prose. Consider, 
as you read, whether he is wasting words, whether his seh- 
tences are awkward and jerky, badly constructed, or whether 
thought and word are so well fitted that their union is ahnost 
perfect. You will find passages of both kinds. 

9. Compare the descriptions and talk of the Wessex rustics 
with Shakespeare's treatment of similar persons, and draw 
your own conclusions. 

10. Remember that all the early lyrics are preparing the 
way for The Dynasts, written not for joy in song but for the 
need of expressing in condensed emotional form different 
aspects of a growing philosophy. 

11. Note the dominant moods of the lyrics, and their 
intense concentration and economy of expression. 

12. Study the different metrical effects and observe that 
although they do not give spontaneity, they are most care- 
fully adapted to the moods expressed. 

77 



Thomas Hardy— Continued 

13. Reserve The Dynasts for a time of leisure, when you 
can read it as a whole and re-read what you did not at first 
clearly fit into its place. For full appreciation you should 
have some knowledge of the Napoleonic Period and some 
understanding of the content and methods of the Greek epic 
and tragedy. 

14. Remember that the purpose of this epic-drama is to 
show that all men's strivings are a part of the Great Uncon- 
scious Will that underlies and bUndly controls all the activi- 
ties of life, and that it leads to the hope that the Will is 
gradually evolving a consciousness by which it shall be able 
to guide men in the fashioning of their destinies. 

15. Note that the enveloping machinery is to enable the 
reader to view the history from many points of view and to 
see it as part of a cosmic process, and also to enable the author 
to make his own cornments as he proceeds. Note also that 
the stage directions are a means of presenting such parts of 
the history as cannot be presented in dramatic form. 

16. List the range of subjects and of groups of people pre- 
sented, and study contrasting scenes to reahze the uniform 
vividness with which widely diverse persons and situations 
are presented. 

17. Note the different forms of verse and prose used in the 
work and try to form a conception of the technical skill re- 
quired to carry out the plan. 

18. Decide whether or not The Dynasts is the greatest 
single work produced by the 20th century, and hst reasons for 
and against this opinion. Compare it with similar outstand- 
ing productions of earlier periods. 

Bibliography 

Desperate Remedies: A Novel. 1871. (Published anonymously.) 
Under the Greenwood Tree: A Painting of the Dutch School. 1872. 

(Published anonymously.) 
A Pair of Blue Eyes: A Novel. 1873. 

* Far from the Madding Crowd. 1874. (Novel.) 

The Hand of Ethelberta: A Comedy in Chapters. 1876. (Novel.) 

* The Return of the Native. 1878. (Novel.) 

78 



Thomas Ksidy— Continued 

The Trumpet-Major. 1880. (Novel.) 

A Laodicean: or The Castle of the De Stancys. 1882. (Novel.) 
Two on a Tower. 1882. (Romance.) 
♦The Mayor of Casterbridge: The Life and Death of a Man of Char- 
acter. 1886. (Novel.) 
The Woodlanders. 1887. (Novel.) 
Wessex Tales: Strange, Lively and Commonplace. 1888. 
The Waiting Supper. 1888. (Novel.) 

* Tess of the D'Urbervilles: A Pure Woman faithfully presented, 1891. 

(Novel.) 
A Group of Noble Dames. 1891. (Romance.) 
Life's Little Ironies, a Set of Tales: With some Colloquial Sketches 

entitled A Few Crusted Characters. 1894. 

* Jude the Obscure. 1896. (Novel.) 

The Well-Beloved: A Sketch of a Temperament. 1897. (Romance.) 
Wessex Poems and other Verses. 1898. 
Poems of the Past and the Present. 1902. 

* The Dynasts: A Drama of the Napoleonic Wars. Part I, 1904. Part II, 

1906. Part III, 1908. I vol. edition, 1910. Stage version (with 
Granville Barker. 1914. [Cf. William Archer, Nation, 99 ('14): 
753.] Time's Laughing-Stocks, and other Verses. 1909. 

A Changed Man, The Waiting Supper, and other Tales, concluding 
with The Romantic Adventures of a Milkmaid. 1913. 

Satires of Circumstance: Lyrics and Reveries, with Miscellaneous 
Pieces. 19 14. 

Selected Poems. 1916. 

Moments of Vision. 1917. 

* Collected Poems. 19 19. 

For full bibliography to 1919, cf. Lond. Mercury, i ('19): 122; cf. also 
Webb, A. P. A Bibliography of the Works of Thomas Hardy. 1865- 
1915. 1916. 

Studies and Reviews 

Abercrombie, Lascelles. Thomas Garwood, Helen. Thomas Hardy, 
Hardy, a critical study. 191 2. an illustration of Schopenhauer. 

Archer, W. Real Conversations. 191 1. 



1904. 



Freeman. 



Berle, Lina Wright. George Eliot Hedgecock, F. A. Thomas Hardy, 

and Thomas Hardy. 1917. Penseur et Artiste. 1911. 

Child, Harold. Thomas Hardy. Johnson, L. P. The Art of Thomas 

1916. Hardy. 1894. (Bibliography.) 

Duffin, H. C. Thomas Hardy: Lea, Hermann. Thomas Hardy's 

A Study of the Wessex Novels. Wessex. 1913. 

1916. Macdonell, A. Thomas Hardy. 

79 



Thomas Kaidy— Continued 

(Contemporary Writers Series.) 

1894. 
Saxelby, F. O. Thomas Hardy 

Dictionary. 191 1. 
Sherren, Wilkinson. The Wessex 

of Romance. 1902. 
Windle, B. C. A. The Wessex of 

Thomas Hardy. 1901. 

Acad. 55 ('98): 251. 

Ath. 1904, i: 123; 1910, i: 34. 

Atlan. 98 ('06): 354; 120 ('17): 

356. 
Bookm. 21 (*oi): 131. 
Bookm. (Lond.) 34 ('08): no; 

38 ('10): 122; 45 ('13): 143; 

47 ('15): 143; 54 ('18): 12; 

57 ('20): 139; 58 ('20): 

lOI. 

Blackw. 193 ('13): 823. 
Canad. Mag. 23 ('04): 105. 
Cent. 46 ('93): 35?. 
Contemp. 56 ('89): 57. 
Edin. R. 215 ('12): 93. 
Eng. Rev. 9 ('11): 231; 9 ('n): 
644. 



Fortn. 91 ('09): 1 117; 107 ('17): 

464, 629. 
Ind. 54 ('02): 1657. 
Liv. Age, 240 ('04): 507; 262 

('09): 221; 296 ('18): 202; 

302 ('19): 175. 
Lond. Times, Dec. 14, 191 7: 603; 

Feb. 19, 1920: 113. 
NewRepub. 12 ('17): 47; 23 ('20): 

22. 
19th Cent. 77 ('15): 631; 80 ('20): 

63- 
No. Am. 174 ('02): 140; 194 ('11): 
96; 199 ('14): 120; 201 ('is): 

173, 423. 
N. Y. Times, 25 ('20) .-298. 
Lond. Quar. 91 ('99): 223. 
Quar. 199 ('04): 499; 210 ('09): 

193- 
Sat. Rev. 102 ('06): 391= Liv. 

Age, 251 ('06): 634; 128 ('19): 

459- 
Sewanee Rev. i ('92): i; 25 ('17): 

129. 
Westm. R. 119 ('83): 334; 152 

('99): 180. 



(Mrs.) Mary St. Leger Harrison (** Lucas Malet ") — 

novelist. 

Daughter of Charles Kingsley, born at Eversley. Edu- 
cated at the Slade School of Art and University College, 
London. Traveled on the Continent, in India and in Amer- 
ica. Her husband (died 1897) was rector of Clovelly, 
Devonshire. Representative novels are: 

The History of Sir Richard Cahnady. 1901. 
Damaris. 19 16. 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 51 ('16): 97. Fortn. 77 ('02): 532. 

Sir Anthony Hope Hawkins ("Anthony Hope ") — novel- 
ist, dramatist. 
Bom in 1863, son of a clergyman. Educated at Marl- 

80 



Sir Anthony Hope Ha-wlsins— Continued 
borough College and Oxford. Admitted to the Bar, but aban- 
doned law for novel writing. Made his reputation by a 
romance set in an imaginary country and a society novel: 

The Prisoner of Zenda. 1894. 
The DoUy Dialogues. 1894. 



Studies and Reviews 

Cooper. Bookm. (Lond.) 20 ('01): 32,42 

(portrait); 53 ('18): 177. 

" Ian Hay." See Sir John Hay Beith. 

Ernest George Henham ('* John Trevena ")— noveUst. 

Lives in Cornwall which he makes the scene of all his 
novels. His work is usually serious to grimness, but his 
latest has humor. Representative novels are: 

Heather. 1908. 

A Drake by Jove! 1920. 



Studies and Reviews 

Cooper. Bookm. 40 ('14): 129. (Portrait.) 

Maurice (Henry) Hewlett — novehst, poet. 

Born in 1861. Educated at London International College, 
Spring Grove, Isleworth. Keeper of the Land Revenue 
Records and Enrollments, 1896-1900. Barrister. Elected 
member of Academic Committee of the Royal Society of 
Literature, 19 10. Justice of Peace, Wiltshire. 

A highly artistic and mannered experimenter in various 
kinds of romance, chiefly historical; but most of his best 
work belongs to the Ydlow Book period. Characteristic are: 

Earthwork out of Tuscany. 1895. (Studies.) 
The Forest Lovers. 1898. (Romance.) 

The Life and Death of Richard Yea-and-Nay. 1900. (Historical 
romance, Richard I.) 

81 



Maurice Hewlett— Continued 

The Queen's Quair, or The Six Years' Tragedy. 1904. (Historical ro- 
mance, Mary Stuart.) 

For complete bibliography see Lond. Mercury, i ('20) : 625. 

Studies and Reviews 

Cooper. Eng. Rev. 5 ('10): 217; 6 ('10): 

224. 

Acad. 87 ('14): 143. Lond. Times, April 22, 1920: 255. 

Bookm. 44 ('17): 479. New Statesman, 16 ('21): 452. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 14 ('98): 91 (por- No. Am. 198 ('13): 365. 

trait); 28 ('05): 185 (portraits); Poet Lore, 18 ('07): 478. 

36 ('09): 82; 58 ('20): 68. Quar. 224 ('15): 395. 

Edin. R. 210 ('09): 378. Sewanee Rev. 21 ('13): 99. 

Robert (Smythe) Hichens — novelist, journalist. 

Born in 1864. Studied music first, then journalism. Fa- 
mous first for his satire on Oscar Wilde and Lord AKred 
Douglas (The Green Carnation), and afterward for his highly 
romantic novel: 

The Garden of Allah. 1905. 

Studies and Reviews 

Cooper. Bookm. (Lond.) 34 ('08): 209 (il- 

lustrated); 58 ('20): 190. 

Nesta Higginson (Mrs. John Skrine; " Moira O^Neill") 

— poet. 

Born in Antrim, in the west of Ireland. Spent some years 
of her childhood in Italy. Studied art and beheves that art 
training is valuable in giving a sense of literary proportion. 
Began to write stories in 1890. Works outdoors with an 
artist sister. For her account of her native glens, the scene of 
her poems and studies, see Blackwood^s Magazine for Sep- 
tember, 1893, in which she has an article called "The Glens 
and their Speech." Her fame rests chiefly upon the collection 
of poems called: 

Songs from the Glens of Antrim. 1900. 

82 



Nesta Higginson—C ontmued 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 5 ('94): 178 (por- Edin. R. 209 ('09): 108. 
traits); 18 ('00): 30 (portrait). 

Ralph Hodgson. 

Born in Yorkshire, 1872. Has lived in America. Worked 
as a pressman in Fleet Street. Was a draughtsman on the 
pictorial staff of an evening paper. Edited Fry^s Magazine. 
Is a leading authority in England on bull terriers. His 
favorite poet is Shelley. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Note that the extreme thinness of his work gives oppor- 
tunity to study it from every angle and to decide why it has 
made him a name. 

2. What aspects of life interest him? Can you classify 
them? Has he a passion for humanity, for individuals, for 
life as life, or for special queer aspects of it? 

3. What is the dominant attitude or feeling that runs 
through all the poems? 

4. Which of the poems seems to you most profoundly 
original in subject and in treatment? Analyze this original- 
ity. 

5. Is Hodgson easy to read? Is his meaning worth getting, 
when you have pondered over it? 

6. In what respect is he different from each of the other 
modern poets of note? 

7. What do you prophecy for him? 

Bibliography 

The Last Blackbird. 1907. 
Poems. 191 7. 

Studies and Reviews 

Aiken. Ath. 1915, 2: 102; 1917, 2: 113,401. 

Phelps. (English Poetry.) Bookm. 46 ('18): 568. 

Squire. Bookm. (Lond.) 52 ('17): 108. 

Sturgeon. Bost. Trans., July 11, 191 7: 7. 

83 



Ralph Hodgson— Continued 

Dial, 63 ('17): 50, 150. (Aiken.) Lond. Times, June 15, 1917: 
Lit. Digest, 55 ('17): Aug. 11, 283. 

p. 32. Nation, 99 ('14): 341. 

Liv. Age, 287 ('15): 611; 289 N. Y. Call, July 22, 191 7: 15. 

('16): 374. 19th Cent. 80 ('20): 54. 

"Anthony Hope." See Sir Anthony Hope Hawkins. 

Alfred Edward Housman — poet. 

Educated at Oxford (M. A.). Higher Division Clerk 
H. M. Patent Office, 1882-92. Professor of Latin at Uni- 
versity College, London, 1892-1911; professor of Latin at 
Cambridge since 191 1. He is a well-known Latin scholar, 
but he belongs in English literature by virtue of one volume 
of poems, which has had a strong influence over poets of 
to-day : 

A Shropshire Lad. 1896. 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 10 ('96): 134; 59 Liv. Age, 302 ('19): 728. 
('20): 71. (Portrait). 

W. H. Hudson — naturalist, man of letters. 

Born in the pampas of La Plata and grew up there, knowing 
no city except Buenos Ayres until he was a young man. Lived 
among the people and wild life of which he writes. Educated 
at home by tutors. Had first-hand experience of revolutions. 
When he was a young man, his health was ruined and all hope 
of an active career was destroyed by a severe attack of rheu- 
matic fever. Went "home" to England, and has since lived 
a life of observation of the Nature and human nature in 
different parts of England, and of writing books based on 
these and his earlier experiences. Far Away and Long Ago 
gives a history of his youth. 

Suggestions for Reading 

I. Nearly all Hudson's work is intimately knit with his 
life experience. This fact may be taken into account either 

84 



W. H. Hudson— Continued 

by reading first the romances and' inferring from them his 

biography, or by beginning with the biographical sketches and 

observing the use that is made in the romances of his Ufa 

material. As a rule, the second method will bring better 

results. 

2. Test his methods and results in the observation of wild 
Nature by comparing him with Gilbert White, Richard 
Jefferies, John Burroughs, or any other naturahst whose work 
you know. 

3. Note that in his treatment of Nature he never forgets for 
long the human background, and note passages that show his 
attitude toward the human race. 

4. Does he create in you as you read the desire to turn the 
page, or are you content to stop and consider a paragraph at 
a time, to admire the writing, and still not be eager to pro- 
ceed? Explain your attitude. 

5. Compare Hudson's attitude toward civilization with 
Carpenter's. Has Hudson a "cure"? 

6. Does Hudson's observation of Nature grow out of a 
scientific zeal in accumulating facts to increase the knowledge 
of men, or to prove some law of existence, or out of a passion- 
ate desire to understand and feel the underlying life of the 
world? Find passages to prove your answer. 

7. Note that Hudson's imagination is fundamentally not 
creative but selective; that it consists for the most part in 
choosing and recombining. Consider the following points as 
sources of his success: (a) his own deep love of his materials; 
(b) his omission of the superfluous and trivial; (c) the absence 
of stock Hterary devices and conventions; (d) the use of 
contrast. 

8. In reading Green Mansions, note the bird symboHsm. 
Is it a source of strength or of weakness in the book? 

9. When you come to a passage that appeals to you by some 
special eloquence, read it aloud, noting the following points: 
(a) sentence length, structure, and rhythms; (b) the careful 
use of adjectives; (c) the sparing use of color; (d), the 
absence of hyperbole; (e) the ease of transition from 

85 



W. H. KvLdson— -Continued 

sentence to sentence; (f) the beauty of sound and rhythm 

combinations. 

lo. Note suggestions of a personal philosophy, and at the 
end of your reading, try to build up a conception of Hudson's 
attitude toward the life of the world and his own relation 
to it. 

Bibliography 

* The Purple Land. 1885. (Novel) 

Argentine Ornithology. 1889-9. (With Dr. F. L. Sclater, F. R. S.) 

The Naturalist in La Plata. 1892. (Nature studies.) 

Birds in a Village. 1893. (Nature studies.) 

Idle Days in Patagonia. 1893. (Nature studies.) 

British Birds. 1895. (Ornithology.) 

Birds in London. 1898. (Nature studies.) 

Nature in Downland. 1900. (Nature studies.) 

Birds and Man. 1901. (Nature studies.) 

El Ombu. 1902. (Short stories.) 

* Hampshire Days. 1903. (Short stories.) 

* Green Mansions. 1904. (Novel; new edition, with preface by Gals- 

worthy, 1916.) 
A Little Boy Lost. 1905. (Fantasy.) 
A Crystal Age. 1906. (Novel.) 
The Land's End. 1908. (Sketches.) 
South American Sketches. 1909. 
Afoot in England. 1909. (Sketches.) 

* A Shepherd's Life. 1910. (Sketches.) 
Adventures among Birds. 19 13. 

* Far Away and Long Ago: History of My Early Life. 1918. 
Birds in Town and Village. 1919. 

The Book of a Naturalist. 1919. 

Dead Man's Plack and an Old Thorn. 1920. (Historical stories.) 

Also in: Living Age. (Passim.) 

Studies and Reviews 

Bennett. Cur. Op. 60 ('16): 349; 66 ('19): 

Galsworthy, John. Preface to 46. (Portraits.) 

Green Mansions. 1916. Dial, 62 ('17): 83. 

Egoist, I ('14): 186. 
Bookm. 45 ('17): 84; 52 ('20): Eng. Rev. 2 ('09): 157; n ('12): 

18. 552. (Portrait.) 

Bookm. (Lond.) 34 ('08): 170; 59 Everyman, 15 ('19): 137. 
('20): 7. Liv. Age, 308 ('21): 592. 

86 



W. H. Hndson— Continued 

Lond. Mercury, 3 ('20): 73. N. Y. Times, 24 ('19): 564; 

Lond. Times, Nov. 6, 1919: 617; 25 ('20): 297. 

Nov. 4, 1920: 715; Dec. 9, 19th Cent. 88 ('20): 72. 

1920: 823. Yale Rev. n. s. 6 ('17): 856. 

Ford Madox Hueffer — poet, man of letters. 

Born in 1873, grandson of Ford Madox Brown (cousin of 
the Rossettis). Educated at University College, London, 
and abroad. As editor of the English Review discovered 
many writers who have since made reputations. Served in 
the War. 

On his collaboration with Joseph Conrad (q. v.) cf. Eng. 
Rev. 31 ('20): 5; and for his statement on vers Hbre, Eng. 
Rev. 32 ('21): 311. Representative volumes are: 

The Inheritors. 1901. (With Conrad.) 
Romance. 1903. " " 

Collected Poems. 19 14. 

Zeppelin Nights. 1915. (Short stories; with Violet Hunt, q. v.) 
Antwerp. 1915. 
* On Heaven and Poems Written on Active Service. 19 18. 



Studies and Reviews 

Aiken. Nation, 107 ('18): 660. 

Sturgeon. N. Y. Times, 23 ('18): 525. 

Outlook, 121 ('19): 55. 
Dial, 65 ('18): 417. (Aiken.) R. of Rs. 58 ('18): 555. 

London Times, Apr. 18, 1918: 187. Sat. Rev. 125 ('18): 413. 

Violet Hunt — novelist. 

Born at Durham, daughter of AKred Hunt, the painter, 
and Mrs. Alfred Hunt, the noveUst. On the staff of the 
Pall Mall Gazette. Her novels deal with society hfe. Repre- 
sentative are: 

The Maiden's Progress. 1894. 
The Human Interest. 1899. 
The Celebrity at Home. 1904. 
The House of Many Mirrors. 19 15. 

87 



Violet UxLiit— Continued 

Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 1915, i: 526. (portrait); 34 ('08): 32. (Por- 

Bookm. (Lond.) 7 ('94): 10 (por- trait.) 

trait); 13 ('97): 49 (portrait); Egoist, i ('14): 17. 

17 ('99): 60; 26 ('04): 42, 65 Nation, loi ('15): 232. 

Aldous (Leonard) Huxley — ^poet, short-story writer. 

Grandson of Thomas Huxley. Educated at Oxford. 

Has special knowledge of contemporary French literature. 
Cf. F. S. Flint and the Sitwells. 

Bibliography 

The Burning Wheel. 19 16. 
The Defeat of Youth, and other poems. 1918. 
Limbo. 1920. (Short stories.) 
Leda. 1920. (Poems.) 
Also in: Oxford Poetry. 191 7-19. 
Wheels. 

Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 1920, i: 699. London Times, Feb. 5, 1920: 
Bost. Trans., Sep. 4 ('20). 83. 

Dial, 69 ('20): 152. New Statesman, 15 ('20): 595. 

Everyman, 15 ('20): 442; 16 ('20): N. Y. Times, 25 ('20): 28. 

255- Poetry, 17 ('21): 217. 

Freeman, 2 ('20): 141. (Fletcher.) Spec. 124 ('20): 494. 

Douglas Hyde — poet, folklorist. 

Born in Ireland about i860. Educated at Trinity College, 
Dublin. Scholar, translator, poet, and dramatist. Presi- 
dent of the Irish Literary Society (1894-95), and one of the 
leaders in the Irish Renascence. President of the Gaelic 
League, 1893-19 15. Has collected much Irish poetry and 
folk lore, and has written poems and plays in Irish (cf . Lady 
Gregory). Since 1909 has been professor of Modem Irish 
in Dublin University. Among his books are: 

Love Songs of Connacht. 1893. (Poems.) 
The Tinker and the Fairy. 1905. (Play.) 
Legends of Saints and Sinners from the Irish. 1915. 



Douglas Hyde — Continued 

Studies and Reviews 

Boyd. (Ireland's Lit. Ren.) Bookm. (Lond.) 53 ('18): 131. 

Moore, Hail and Farewell. (Ave.) (Portrait.) 

Weygandt. Fortn. 76 ('01): 1050. 

Quar. 195 ('02): 423; 215 ('11): 
219. 

Lawrence Pearsall Jacks — philosopher, essayist. 

Born in i860. Professor of philosophy, editor of the Eihhert 
Journal, and principal of Manchester College, Oxford. Son- 
in-law of Stopford Brooke, whose biography he has written. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Ask yourself whether his material is drawn straight from 
life, and note evidence that points to your conclusion. 

2. Consider whether the expression "psychology in the 
concrete " fits his work, and in view of your decision, what 
the main purpose of his work is. 

3. In his presentation of character, does he note accidental 
and surface manifestations of personahty, or the fundamental 
lines of character? 

4. Does he explain character by straight and abstract 
analysis or by presenting the character dramatically, as 
speaking and acting? 

5. Read aloud passages from Mad Shepherds to see how the 
simplicity of his style and the cadences of the rhythms bring 
the pathos home. 

6. In the lighter sketches, observe how psychology itself is 
made the source of a subtle humor. 

7. Consider the possible effects of his work in helping fic- 
tion writers to get away from the old conventions in present- 
ing reactions of character. 

Bibliography 

* Mad Shepherds and other Human Studies. 19 10. 
The Alchemy of Thought, 1910. 

* Among the Idolmakers. 191 1. (Studies.) 

89 



Lawrence Pearsall J Sicks— Continued 

All Men are Ghosts. 1913. (Short stories.) 
From the Human End. 19 16. (Essays.) 
Philosophers in Trouble. 1916. (Short Stories.) 
Country Air. 191 7. 

From Authority to Freedom: the spiritual progress of Charles Hargrove. 
1920. 

Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 191 2, i: 8. Nation, 94 ('12): 615. 

Bookm. 35 ('12): 298. N. Y. Times, 17 ('12): 135. 

Hibbert J. 10 ('12): 730. R. of Rs. 45 ('12): 486. 
Ind. 72 ('12): 1172. 

William Wymark Jacobs— novelist, short-story writer. 

Born in London, 1863. Civil Service, 1883-99. His humor- 
ous short stories deal always with Thames waterside men and 
cargoes. Representative books are: 

Many Cargoes. 1896. 
Light Freights. 1901. 



Studies and Reviews 

Bennett. (portrait); 28 ('05): 149 (por- 

traits.) 
Bookm. (Lond.) 22 ('02): 83, 90 Critic, 46 ('05): 390. (Portrait.) 

Margaret Storm Jameson — noveUst, critic. 
Born at Whitby, Yorkshire. 

The Pot Boils. 1919. 

The Happy Highways. 1920. 

Modern Drama in Europe. 1920. 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 55 ('19): 151; Lond. Times, Sept. 16, 1920: 599. 
59 ('20): 38. (Portrait.) 

Jerome Klapka Jerome— journahst, editor, dramatist. 

Born in 1859. Has been a teacher and an actor. With 
Robert Barr edited The Idler, 1892-97 and Today, 1892-99. 

90 



Jerome Klapka Jerome — Continued 

His fame rests chiefly upon two books which may be taken 
as representative: 

Idle Thoughts of an Idle Fellow. 1889. 

The Passing of the Third Floor Back. 1907. (Miracle play.) 



Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 1907, i: 789, (portrait); 37 ('09): 42. (Por- 

Bookm. (Lond.) 18 ('00): 126 trait.) 

(portrait); 26 ('04): 186, 212 Nation, 88 ('09): 308. 

Fryniwyd Tennyson Jesse — novelist. 
Grandniece of the poet Tennyson. 



Bibliography 

The Milky Way. 1913. 

The Black Mask. (Novel.) 

The Coffin Ship. 1915. 

Beggars on Horseback. 1915. (Dramatization of The Black Mask.) 

Secret Bread. 191 7. 

The Sword of Deborah. 19 19. 



Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. 42 ('16): 635. (Portrait.) Lond. Times, June 19, 1919: 332. 
Bookm. (Lond.) 55 ('19): 165. Sat. Rev. 128 ('19): 86. 
(Portrait.) 

Sir Harry (Hamilton) Johnston — novelist. 

Born in London, 1858. Educated at King's College, Lon- 
don. Student of art at the Royal Academy, at South Ken- 
sington, and in Paris. Travelled in Africa, explored unknown 
regions, and held consular oflQces there from 1879 to 1899. 
Special commissioner in Uganda, 1 899-1 901. Has written 
many books on zoology and about Africa. He is interested in 
painting, music, and in biology. In 1919 he published a new 
genre of novel, a continuation of Dickens's Dombey and Son 

91 



Sir Harry Johnson— Continued 

in the fortunes of their descendants. In his second novel 
he continued Shaw's play Mrs. Warren's Pro]essio7i by writ- 
ing the later history of her daughter, one of the characters. 
Both books are full of topical allusions and references to real 
persons. The titles of his novels are: 

The Gay-Dombeys. 1919. 

Mrs. Warren's Daughter. 1920. 

The Man Who Did the Right Thing. 1921. 



Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 1919, i: 272. New Repub. 21 ('20): 274; 23 

Bookm. 50 ('19): 85. ('20): 157. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 57 ('20): 79; 58 N. Y. Times, 24 ('19): 314; 25 

('20): 79. ('20): 280. 

Dial, 66 ('19): 641. (Lovett.) Sat. Rev. 129 ('20): 456. 

Lond. Times, Apr. 24, 1919: Spec. 122 ('19): 702. 

224; Mar. 25, 1920: 206. 

Henry Arthur Jones— dramatist. 

Born in 185 1. One of the leading society dramatists of the 
decade between 1890 and 1910. Among his best-known 
plays are: 

Breaking a Butterfly. 1885. (Based upon Ibsen's A Doll's House.) 

Saints and Sinners. 1891. 

The Dancing Girl. 1891. 

The Case of Rebellious Susan. 1894. 

Renascence of the EngUsh Drama. 1895. 

Michael and his Lost Angel. 1896. 

Mrs. Dane's Defence. 1900. 

Dolly Reforming Herself. 1908. 



Studies and Reviews 

Clark. N. Y. Times, 24 ('19): 389. 

No. Am. 202 ('15): 757. 

James Joyce — novelist. 

Born in Dublin, 1882. Educated at Irish schools; and 
B. A., Dublin University. Unfrocked priest, now a teacher in 

92 



James Joyce — Continued 

a commercial school at Trieste. Has lived much abroad, in 

Paris, Rome, and Zurich. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Psychology^the analysis of his own impressions — is the 
beginning and end of his method. Make some tests by your 
own experience as to the truth of his observations. 

2. His presentation of material is Imagism in prose — a suc- 
cession of pictures without connection or explanation of the 
sequence in which they are found. 

3. The results cannot be judged by the present canons of 
art. We can say only whether or not each vignette of life with 
its interpretation appeals as experienced and universal. 

4. The literary effects are entirely matters of detail. Struc- 
ture there is none. 

Bibliography 

Portrait of the Artist as Young Man. 1916. (Novel.) 
Chamber Music. 19 18. (Poems. 
Dubliners. 1916. (Sketches.) 
Exiles. 1918. (Play.) 

Ulysses. (Novel, published in part in The Egoist and in The Little 
Review.) 

Studies and Reviews 

Huneker, J. G. Unicorns. 191 7. Egoist, i ('14): 267; 3 ('16): 35; 

Squire. Books in General. 1918. 4 ('17): 21, 64, 74. 

Eng. Rev. 32 ('21) : 333. (Alding- 
Acad. 87 ('14): 49. ton.) 

Cur. Op. 62 ('17): 275. (Portrait.) Irish Book Lover, 8 ('16): 113. 
Dial, 65 ('18): 201; 69 ('20): 353. Lond. Times, Apr. 10, 1919: 189. 
Drama, 21 ('16): 122. New Repub. 10 ('17): 158. 

New Statesman, 9 ('17): 40. 

Sheila Kaye-Smith — noveUst. 

She stands alone among women novehsts in slighting the 
love interest and emphasizing the struggles of men with en- 
vironment. She lives in Sussex and writes about that part 
of England. 

93 



Sheila Kay eSmitti— Continued 

An interesting study is a comparison of Tamarisk Town 
with an earlier book on a similar plan, Mushroom Town, by 
Oliver Onions (q. v.). 

Bibliography 

The Tramping Methodist. 1908. (Historical novel.) 

Spell Land. 1910. 

Starbrace. 1909. (Historical novel.) 

Isle of Thorns. 1913. 
'WVillow's Forge. 1914. 

Three Against the World. 1914. (American ed., The Three Furlongers.) 

John Galsworthy. 19 16. 

Sussex Gorse. 1916. 

The Challenge to Sirius. 191 7. (Historical novel.) 

Little England, 1918. (American ed., Four Roads.) 

The Four Roads. 19 19. 
* Tamarisk Town. 19 19. 

Green Apple Harvest. 1920. 

Studies and Reviews 

George. Bost. Trans., Sept. 24, 1919: 6. 

Dial, 68 ('20): 259, 
Bookm. (Lond.) 50 ('16): 35; Nation, 107 ('18): 782; 109 ('19): 
57 ('19): 98. 444. 

Rudyard Kipling — poet, short-story writer. 

Born in 1865, associated with India from birth (cf. auto- 
biographical matter in Kim) ; educated at the United Service 
College, Westward Ho (cf. Stalky and Co.). Began his career 
in India in 1882 as assistant editor of the Civil and Military 
Gazette, and the Pioneer. Published Plain Tales from the 
Hills, as a result of that experience. Since 19 10 has pub- 
Hshed chiefly new editions. Most of his best work was done 
by 1 901. 

Suggestions for Reading 

I. Remember that KipHng is only 55 years old and that 
nearly all his best work was done twenty years ago. The 
tragedy of his career is that he has never grown old, and he 
cannot go on indefinitely producing works of youth. 

94 



Rudyard Kipling — Continued 

2. Divide his work into four classes: (a) His short stories; 
(b) his poems; (c) his stories written for children; (d) Kim. 
Try to consider each as if he had never written anything else. 

3. Read the poems as an effort to express for the average 
man the glories of the British Empire and his own feeling 
toward his country. Do not expect to find in them great 
originaUty of thought, or beauty or subtlety of expression. 
The best ones succeed by reason of their strength of feeHng 
and their obvious rhythm. 

4. Many of the short stories are little more than jour- 
nalism, but perhaps twenty among them are almost perfect 
in conception and technique. Make your Hst of these in- 
dependently, and then compare with other lists, eUminating 
and adding until you are confident that you have KipUng's 
best work of this kind before you. 

5. Consider these stories (a) as examples of modern tech- 
nique (if necessary, reviewing beforehand the principles of 
technique of the short story in some modem book of composi- 
tion) ; (b) as imaginative creation of certain universal aspects 
of life; (c) for the atmosphere, color, imagery, and rhythm 
of the style. 

6. Try to read some of the children's stories with children 
and find out what they like about them. Then add from 
your study of the preceding such quahties as you find com- 
mon to both. 

7. Read The Light that Failed and Kim together, first to 
see what they have to tell about Kipling's life experience. 
Make a Hst of incidents that you are confident are taken from 
his own experience and see how many of them, if any, you can 
support by accounts of his life. 

8. Consider whether the following are present in all Kip- 
hng's work and whether they are a merit or a defect: (a) 
allusions to untold stories; (b) use of technical and foreign 
words; (c) assumption that the reader is familiar with the 
background. 

9. Consider how far he shows sympathetic appreciation of 
alien characters. Granting that he found the elements of 

95 



Rudyard Kipling— Continued 

Dick and of Kim in his own mind, study his presentation of 

Maisie and of the Llama as types created from observation 

largely. 

10. Discuss his attitude toward the East. 

11. Does Kipling's work belong to the 20th century or to 
the 19th? Why do you think so? 

Bibliography 

Departmental Ditties and Other Verses. 1886. 
Plain Tales from the Hills. 1888. 
Soldiers Three: A Collection of Stories. 1888. 
The Story of the Gadsbys: A Tale without a Plot. 1888. 
In Black and White. 1888. (Short stories.) 
Under the Deodars. 1888. 
The Phantom Rickshaw and Other Tales. 1888. 
Wee Willie Winkie and other Child Stories. 1888. 

* The City of Dreadful Night and Other Sketches. 1890. 
The Light that Failed. 1891. (Novel.) 

* Life's Handicap, being Stories of Mine Own People. 1891. 
Barrack Room Ballads and Other Verses. 1892. 

The Naulahka: a Story of West and East. (With Wolcott Balestier, 

1892.) 
Many Inventions. 1893. 

* The Jungle Book. 1894. 

* The Second Jungle Book. 1895. 
The Seven Seas. 1896. 

" Captains Courageous: " A Story of the Grand Banks, 1897. (Boy's 

story.) 
An Almanac of Twelve Sports for 1898. (By William Nicholson. 

Words by Rudyard Kipling.) 1897. 
The Day's Work. 1898. (Short stories.) 
A Fleet in Being: Notes of Two Trips with the Channel Squadron. 

1898. 
Stalky & Co. 1899. (Boy's story.) 
From Sea to Sea: Letters of Travel. 1900. 
The Science of Rebellion. 1901. (Pamphlet.) 

* Kim. 1901. (Story.) 

Just-so Stories, for Little Children. 1902. 
The Five Nations. 1903. (Short stories.'' 
Traffics and Discoveries. 1904. (Short stories.) 
Puck of Pook's Hill. 1906. (Child's story.) 
Doctors: an Address delivered at the Middlesex Hospital. 1908. 

96 



Rudyard KipUng— Continued 
Actions and Reactions, igog. (Short stories.) 
The Dead King. igio. (Poem.) 

Rewards and Fairies, igio. (Continuation of Puck of Pook's 
A School History of England. (With C. R. L. Fletcher.) igii. 
The New Army in Training. igi5. 
The Years Between, igig. 
Letters of Travel. 1920. 

For full bibliography to 19 15, cf. Palmer (below.) 



Hill.) 



Studies and Reviews 



Archer. 

Bennett. 

Clarke, W. J. Less Familiar Kip- 
ling and Kiplingana. 191 7. 

Charles, Cecil. Rudyard KipUng, 
his Life and Works. 191 1. 

Chesterton, Heretics. 

Clemens, W. M. A Ken of Kip- 
ling. 1899. 

Cooper. 

CunlifiFe. 

Durand, Ralph. A Handbook to 
the Poetry of Rudyard Kipling. 
1914. 

Falls, C. Rudyard Kipling. 1915. 

Hart, Walter Morris. Kipling the 
Story Teller. 1918. 

Hopkins, R. Thurston. Rudyard 
Kipling, igis. 

Le Gallienne, Richard. Rudyard 
KipUng, a Criticism, igoo. 

Jackson, H. Rudyard Kipling: a 
Critical Study. igi4. 

"Monkshood, G. F.," (Clarke, 
W. J.) Rudyard Kipling: an 
Attempt at Appreciation. iSgg. 

Munson, A. Kipling's India, igis. 

Pahner, John L. Rudyard Kip- 
ling. 191 5. (Writers of the 
Day.) 



Saxton, E. F. The Kipling Index. 

igii. 
Scott. 
Williams. 

Acad. 86 ('14): 583. 

Atlan. 123 ('ig): 12. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 23 ('02): 134, 

141 (illustrated); 43 ('12): 143; 

56 Cig): 76; 57 ('20): 143. 
Cath. World, log ('ig): 588. 
Cur. Op. 6s ('18): 396; 67 ('19): 

256. 
Dial, 62 ('17): 441. 
Eng. Rev. 5 ('10): 599. 
Forum, 50 ('13): 396. 
Jour. Educ. 74('ii): 145; 82 ('15): 

372; 83 ('16): 148. 
Liv. Age, 278 ('13): 563; 285 ('is): 

247; 298 ('18): 421. 
Lond. Times, June 10, 1920: 

36s. 
New Statesman, 15 ('20): 24g, 
N. Y. Times, 24 ('ig): i; 2s ('20): 

i; 25 ('20): 2gi. 
No. Am. ig3 ('11): 721; 198 ('13): 

365; 199 ('14): 271. 
Review, 2 ('20): 109. 
Spec. loi ('08): 533; 104 ('10): 

459- 



David Herbert Lawrence — poet, novelist. 
The son of a coal miner, born in the country on the border 

97 



David Herbert Lawrence— Continued 
between Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire. Owes much to an 
unusual mother, who encouraged him to work for and obtain 
a scholarship at the Nottingham High School. At sixteen 
became a pupil teacher in an elementary school, studying 
with the headmaster outside school hours. From 21 to 23 he 
studied at the Nottingham Day Training School. Taught 
later in London and continued until after his second novel 
had been published. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Is Lawrence's medium the novel or poetry? Give rea- 
sons for your opinion. 

2. One of Lawrence's novels has been suppressed and all 
have been severely criticized for their full and frank discussion 
of sex problems. Observe, however, even if you find this 
element excessive in his work or repugnant in his method of 
treating it, that his aim is neither to tempt nor to preach, but 
to present truthfully the difficulties and troubles involved in 
this aspect of human nature. If he is over-emphatic in his 
revolt against the false sentiment with which this subject is 
commonly treated, do not allow his lack of proportion to 
prejudice you against his other merits. 

3. What is Lawrence's attitude toward his subject-matter 
— is he detached or passionately identified with it? What is 
the effect of his attitude upon his art? 

4. What would be his definition of beauty? What is his 
attitude toward beauty? Find illustrative passages. 

5. Isolate scenes in Sons and Lovers which you are con- 
vinced are drawn from Lawrence's own experience and try to 
prove your contention. What is to be said of his reaHsm? 

6. What do you prophecy for Lawrence? 

7. For suggestions for the study of Lawrence's Imagist 
poetry, see Richard Aldington. 

Bibliography 

The White Peacock. 191 1, (Novel.) 
The Trespasser. 19 13. (Novel.) 
* Sons and Lovers. 19 13. 

98 



David Herbert Lawrence — Continued 

Love Poems and Others. 1913. 

The Widowing of Mrs. Holroyd. 19 14. (A drama in three acts.) 

The Prussian Officer and Other Stories. 1914. 

The Rainbow. 191 5. (Novel, suppressed.) 

Amores: Poems. 19 16. 

Twihght in Italy. 1916. (Sketches of travel.) 

Look ! We have Come Through, 1917. (Poems.) 

New Poems. 1918. 

The Lost Girl. 1920. (Novel.) 

Touch and Go. 1920. (Play.) 

Women in Love. 1921. (Novel.) 

Also in: Georgian Poetry. 191 2-15. 

Some Imagist Poets. 1915-16. 

The Playboy, No. 4-5, 1919. (The Poetry of the Present.) 

Studies and Reviews 

Bjorkman, E. The Widowing of 51 ('16): 26; 57 ('19): 98, 99; 

Mrs. Holroyd, 1914. (Introduc- 59 ('20): 18. 

tion.) Dial, 61 ('16): 377 (Gamett); 
Cunliffe. 70 ('21): 458. 

Goldring. Egoist, 2 ('15): 81. 

Waugh. Freeman, i ('20): 451; (Fletcher); 

2 ('20): 332. 

Art and Letters, 2 ('19): 89. Ind. 83 ('15): 297. 

Ath. 1915, 2: 346, 369; 1920, 2: Lond. Times, Dec. 2, 1920: 795. 

836. New Repub. 23 ('20): 314. (Un- 
Bookm. 46 ('18): 644. termeyer.) 

Bookm. (Lond.) 44 ('13): 213; 45 N. Y. Times, 24 ('19): 205; 25 

('14): 244 (portrait; George); ('20): 7. 

Eric Leadbitter. 

Bibliography 

Rain Before Seven. 191 5. 
The Road to Nowhere. 1916. 
Perpetual Fires. 1918. 
Shepherd's Warning. 1920. 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 51 ('16): 28; 55 Lond. Times, Feb. 5, 1920: 82. 
('18): 64; 57 ('20): 216. 

99 



Francis Ledwidge — ^poet. 

Born in Ireland, 1891. He worked as a miner, grocer's 
clerk, farmer, scavenger, experimenter in hypnotism. In 
1912, he sent an old copy book full of verses to Lord Dunsany 
(q. v.), who then became his friend and adviser. Enlisted in 
the War and was killed in 19 17 in Flanders. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Study his verse as a purely natural product, entirely 
unaffected by education. 

2. Study the melody of his verse and decide how he gets 
his effects. 

3. An interesting comparison can be made between what 
he accompHshed and what Burns had done at the same age — 
consideration of the unspoiled Scottish and Irish tempera- 
ments. 

Bibliography 

Songs of the Fields. 1914. 
Songs of Peace. 1916. 
Last Songs. 191 7. 
Complete Poems. 1920. 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 49 ('15): 56, 99; Irish Book Lover, 7. ('15): 92; 

51 ('17): 155; 53 ('17): 86. (Por- 12 ('20): 27 (cf. CornhiU, 

trait ) June, 1920, for fuller account.) 

Eng. Rev. 26 ('18): 127. Irish Mo. 48 ('20): 199. 

** Vernon Lee." See Violet Paget. 

Richard le Gallienne — man of letters, journalist, poet. 

Bom at Liverpool in 1866, and educated at Liverpool 
University. After several years of business became a man of 
letters, and had considerable success with his poems and 
romances in the days of the Yellow Book. At that time 
strongly influenced by Wilde, but later shook off this in- 
fluence. Came to America to live about 1905. Represen- 
tative books are: 

The Quest of the Golden Girl. 1896. (Romance.) 
The Lonely Dancer. 1913. (Poems.) 



Richard le Gallienne— Continued 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 46 ('14): 37. No. Amer. 191 ('10): 652. 
(Portrait.) 

William John Locke — novelist. 

Bom in 1863. Educated in Trinidad and at Cambridge. 
Secretary of the Royal Institute of British Architects, 1897- 
1907. Has scholarly interests. Among his many romantic 
novels the following were most popular: 

The Morals of Marcus Ordeyne. 1905. (Dramatized as The Morals of 

Marcus.) 
The Beloved Vagabond. 1906. 

Studies and Reviews 

Cooper. N. Y. Times, 24 ('19): 373. 

Spec. 124 ('20): 462. 
Bookm. (Lond.) 31 ('07): 166; 50 
('16): 131. (Portraits) 

(P.) Wyndham Lewis — novelist. 

Part Welsh in origin. Vorticist artist; cf. Egoist, 1 ('14): 
233, 306. Edited a weekly journal of art and Uterature 
called Blast cf. Egoist, i ('14): 273. 

Suggestions for Study 

1. Begin with a short story; if possible, "The French 
Poodle," in the Egoist, 3 ('16): 39, with portrait sketch of 
Lewis by Roald Kristian. Observe the limitation of ma- 
terial, the concentration of treatment, the absence of action, 
the analysis of psychological states, the observation without 
reference to conventional ideas, and the economy of incident 
and phrasing. 

2. Then take one of the longer works and consider (a) 
whether Lewis's method is adapted to long narrative; 
(b) whether the pervasion of the work by long discussions of 
general ideas enhances or lessens its value; (c) whether any of 



Wyndham Lewis— Continued 

the characters are alive; (d) to what causes the difficulty 

of reading is due. 

3. What are Lewis's ideas, as artist and as writer? What is 
he working toward? Keep his art and his literature together 
and use each in explaining the other. 

Bibliography 

Inferior Religions. 
Cantelman's Spring Mate. 
Tarr, 19 18. 
The Caliph's Design, 1920. 

Studies and Reviews 

Goldring. 3 ('16): 39 (portrait); 5 ('18): 

105, 124. 
Egoist, I ('14): 233; 273, 306; New Statesman, 15 ('20): 73. 

Edward Verrall Lucas — essayist, man of letters. 

Writes with something of the ease, whimsicality, and 
humor of Charles Lamb. Is a publisher's reader. Character- 
istic works are: 

The Open Road. 1899. 
A Wanderer in London. 1906. 
Over Bemerton's. 1908. 
Old Lamps for New. 191 1. 

Studies and Reviews 

Bennett. Bookm. (Lond.) 51 ('17): 143. 

Waugh. 

St. John (Welles) Lucas — ^novelist, man of letters. 

Partly French, partly English Quaker. Educated at Uni- 
versity College, London. Scholar in French and ItaHan. Has 
compiled collections of French and Italian verse. Has written 
poems and short stories. In his fiction is influenced especially 
by De Maupassant. Representative books are: 

The First Round. 1909. (Story of boy life.) 
April Folly. 1916. (Novel.) 

102 



St. John LncsiS— Continued 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. 45 ('17): 646. Lond. Times, Oct. 19, 1916: 500. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 14 ('98): 121 Nation, 105 ('17): 178. 

(portrait); 45 ('13): 13; (por- New Statesman, 8 ('16): 162. 

trait); 51 ('16): 104. N. Y. Times, 22 ('17): 230. 

Dial, 63 ('17): 73- Spec. 117 ('16): 418. 

(Albert Michael) Neil Lyons — novelist, dramatist. 

Born in South Africa, 1880. Journalist. Has studied espe- 
cially the London poor. 

Bibliography 

Hookey. 1902. 

Arthur's. 1908. 

Simple Simon. 1914. 

Kitchener Chaps. 1915. (War sketches.) 

Moby Lane. 1916. 

A Kiss from France. 1916. (War sketches.) 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 40 Cii): 199; 51 
('16): 56. (Portrait.) 

Rose Macaulay — novelist, poet. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Consider whether your interest grows out of the story, 
the character study, the discussions of life and society among 
the characters, or the satire. 

2. Sum up the different aspects of " potterism " suggested 
in the book of that name. Then sum up " anti-potterism." 

3. How far is the construction of Potterism successful? 

4. Choose several passages of satire that appeal to you 
especially and try to phrase how the effects are produced. 

5. Compare Potterism with George's Caliban. 

6. Is Potterism literature? Will it continue to be 
read? 

103 



Rose 'M.acaxLlay— Continued 

Bibliography 

Valley Captives. 191 1. 

The Lee Shore. 191 2. 

Views and Vagabonds. 191 2. 

The Two Blind Countries. 1914. (Poems.) 

What Not: A Prophetic Comedy. 1919. 

Potterism. 1920. 

Studies and Reviews 

Johnson, R. Brimley. Lond. Times, June 3, 1920: 548. 

Sturgeon. Nation, iii ('20): supp 428. 

New Repub. 24 ('20): 280. 

Ath. 1920, i: 736. Review, 3 ('20): 384. 

Bookm. 52 ('20): 272. N. Y. Times, 25 ('20): 22. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 42 ('12): 138; 51 Sat. Rev. 129 ('20): 543. 

('16): 37. Spec. 124 ('20): 833. 
Everyman, 16 ('20): 254. 

Thomas MacDonagh— poet. 

Born near Tipperary, 1878, son of a schoolmaster. M. A. 
National University, and teacher. Contributed to the Irish 
Review. Executed in the Rebellion of 19 16. Some of his 
poems are included with those of Pearse (q. v.) and Plunkett 
(q. V.) in Poems of the Irish Revolutionary Brotherhood, ed. 
Colum and O'Brien, 1916. 

Other volumes are: 



Poetical Works. 1 9 1 7 . 
Pagans. 1920. 

For complete bibliography, cf. the Irish Book Lover, 8 ('16): 21. 



Studies and Reviews 

Boyd. (Ireland's Lit. Ren.) Bookm. (Lond.) 51 ('16): 100; 
Colum. Introduction. 53 ('17): 24. 

Phelps. (English Poetry.) Lit. Digest, 52 ('16): 1474, 1532. 
Stephens. Preface to Poetical (Portrait.) 



Works. 191 7. 



104 



Alexander MacFarlan — novelist. 

Bibliography 

The Inscrutable Lovers. 19 19. 
The Curtain. 192 1. 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 57 ('19): 128. Review, 2 ('20): 334. 

Bost. Trans., Apr. 17, 1920: 11. Sat. Rev. 128 ('19): 229. 

Nation, no ('20): 305. 

William McFee — novelist. 

Born at sea, 1881. Lived and was educated in North 
London; later at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk. Appren- 
ticed in an engineering shop in Aldersgate and later was 
in the office of an engineering firm in London. His first liter- 
ary effort was poetry written under the influence of Kipling. 
McFee became a familiar figure at the British Museum 
Reading Room. In 1905 went to sea as engineer on a ship and 
has been at sea for the most part ever since. Reads and 
writes during his voyages. Began as early as 1901 to offer 
manuscripts but had no success until 1907. Began Casuals 
of the Sea in Japan, 1908, and worked at it at intervals for 
seven years. In 191 2 he came to America, and in 19 13 took 
out his chief engineer's license in the American Merchant 
Marine. Became familiar with New York and New Orleans 
especially. Served in the War as engineer on a British 
transport. 

Bibliography 

Letters of an Ocean Tramp. 1907. 

Aliens. 19 14. 

Casuals of the Sea. 1916. 

Captain Macedoine's Daughter. 1920. 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. 44 ('16): 181. N. Y. Times, 21 ('16): 341. 

Bost. Trans. Sept. 6, 1916: 8. Springfield Repub. Sept. 10, 1916: 
Dial, 61 ('16): 195. 15. 

New Repub. 8 ('16): 227. 



Patrick MacGill — poet, novelist. 

Born in Donegal, 1890. Went three years to a mountain 
school. Worked as a farm servant, byre-man, drainer, 
potato digger, surfaceman, navvy, etc. Began journalism in 
191 1. Served in the War. 

Bibliography 

Songs of the Dead End. 1913. (Poems.) 

The Rat Pit. 1915. (Novel.) 

The Red Horizon. 1916. (War sketches.) 

Soldier Songs. 191 7. 

Maureen. 1920. 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 46 ('14): 39; 49 Cur. Op. 57 ('14): 128. (Por- 
('16): 184; 50 C16): 121; 57 trait.) 

('20): 174. (Portraits.) New Repub. 3 ('15): 261. 

Arthur Machen — novelist, story writer. 

Born in 1863, the son of a Welsh clergyman. Began his 
literary career 1890 to 1900; then turned actor; from about 
191 2 on the staff of the London Evening News. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Begin by reading Starrett's appreciation (see below); 
then decide how far you agree with it, on the basis of the 
evidence offered. 

2. Machen's Welsh origin furnishes an opportunity to work 
out the racial elements in his writing by comparison of it with 
the work of Meredith, Ernest Rhys (q. v.), and Caradoc 
Evans (q. v.). 

3. The literary relationship of Machen to Poe helps to an 
understanding of his work. 

4. Phrase to yourself as briefly and as completely as 
possible the philosophy that underlies Machen's criticism 
and his creative work. 

5. Compare and contrast his work with that of Blackwood 
(q. v.), and explain the relative success of each. 

6. Is Machen a misunderstood genius or not? Mass your 
evidence. 

106 



Arthur Meichen— Continued 

Bibliography 

The Chronicle of Clemendy. 1888. 
The Great God Pan. 1894. 
The Three Imposters. 1895, 
Hieroglyphics. 1902. 
The House of Souls. 1906. 
The Hill of Dreams. 1907, 
The Great Return. 1915. 
* The Angels of Mons — ^The Bowmen, and Other Legends of the War. 

1915- 
The Terror. 191 7. 

Studies and Reviews 

Starrett, V. Arthur Machen, a Acad. 72 ('07): 273. 
Novelist of Ecstasy and Sin. Bookm. (Lond.) 32 ('07): 212. 
1918. Open Court, 32 ('18): 191. 



Stephen McKenna — novelist. 

Born in 1888. Educated at Westminster School and Ox- 
ford. Travelled in Europe, Asia, Africa, and America. 
Served in the War. Characteristic novels are: 



''Sonia, 1917. (Novel.) 
Ninety-Six Hours Leave. 191 7. 
Midas and Son. 1919. 
Sonia Married. 1919. 
Sheila Intervenes. 1920. 
Lady Lilith. 1920. (Vol. I of trilogy. The Sensationalists.) 



Studies and Reviews 

Mais. Lond. Times, Oct. 14, 1920; 

666. 
Bookm. 51 ('20): 205. Nation (Lond.) 24 ('19): 652. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 51 ('17): 169. N. Y. Times, 25 ('20): 116. 

(Portrait); 57 ('^9): 95. Springfield Repub. May 11, 

Bost. Trans. May 31 ('19): 11; 1919: 17; Apr. 4, 1920: 8a. 



Mar. 24 1920: 7. 



107 



(Edward Montagu) Compton Mackenzie — noveKst. 

Born in 1883. Educated at St. Paul's School, London, and 
at Oxford. Edited the Oxford Maga^ne and gained his first 
theatrical experience as business manager of the Oxford 
dramatic society. After leaving the university, he was 
associated with Pelissier of The FolHes in the production of 
plays. Has travelled extensively. During the War served 
in the British Navy and was in the Dardanelles campaign 
until he was invaUded. Now lives on an estate which he has 
purchased in Capri. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. After reading a chapter or two in any of his books, stop 
to consider why Henry James became an enthusiastic admirer 
of his style. What elements have the two writers in common? 
How is Mackenzie entirely different from James? Are these 
differences due to his own temperament or to other influences 
working upon him? Can you discover traces of earUer 
writers, EngHsh and French, in his work? Keep this question 
in mind as you continue reading. 

2. Observe the continual interplay of observation and 
imagination. An interesting way to do this is to read The 
Early History of Sylvia Scarlett (the psychology of a girl) 
immediately after Youth's Encounter, the first part of Sinister 
Street (the psychology of a boy) before reading the second 
part of Sinister Street and its sequel, Sylvia and Michael (the 
girl as woman). In this way you can separate the material 
more carefully into what must have been observed, what 
must have been imagined, and what may have been either 
observed or imagined. 

3. Trace the influences of Mackenzie's university life and 
of his theatrical experience in his subject-matter and style as 
you read. 

4. Make a special study of Mackenzie's pictorial imagina- 
tion; of his prose -rhythms; of the preciosity of his vocabulary. 
Flasher's Mead is especially good for these purposes. Con- 
sider how far his attitude toward words is the result of study- 
ing Keats and how far it comes from the Yellow Book. 

108 



Compton Mackenzie — Continued 

5. Make a special study of his humor (as seen in Plasher^s 
Mead and Poor Relations). Does it warrant the expression 
that his work at its best trips "on the hght, fantastic toe"? 

6. Consider what permanent contribution, if any, Macken- 
zie has made to the content of literature as the expression of 
the Ufe of the soul viewed through worldly experience, and 
what if any, to the development of the form of the novel. 

Bibliography 

The Gentleman in Gray. 1906. (Play.) 
Poems. 1907. 

The Passionate Elopement. 191 1. 
Carnival. 191 2. (Novel and play.) 
Kensington Rhymes. 191 2. 

* Sinister Street. Vol. I. 1913. (Youth's Encounter.) 
Sinister Street. Vol. II. 19 14. 

* Guy and Pauline. 1915. (American ed., Plasher's Mead.) 

The Early History of Sylvia Scarlett. 1918. (Continues Sinister Street.) 
Sylvia and Michael. 1919. (Continues Sinister Street.) 
Poor Relations. 1919. 

Poetry and the Modern Novel. [Eng. Rev. 11 ('12): 269.] 

Studies and Reviews 

Cunliffe. Dial, 65 ('18) 473. 

George. Egoist, 5 ('18): 134. 

Goldring. Ind. 83 ('15): 297. 

James. Liv. Age, 280 ('14): 674; 288 ('16). 

Mais. 280; 304 ('20): 604. 

Lond. Mercury, i ('20): 448. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 49 ('15): 7, 17 Lond. Times, May 6, 1920: 283. 

(illustrated); 55 ('18): 22; 57 

('19): 95. 

Irene Rutherford McLeod (Mrs. A. de Selincourt) — poet. 
Bibliography 

Songs to Save a Soul. 191 5. 
Swords for Life. 1916. 
Before Dawn. 1918. 

109 



Irene Rutherford McLeod— Continued 

Studies and Reviews 
Nation, io8 ('19): 613. 

Sarah Broom Macnaughtan— novelist. 

Her novels are admired especially for their Cranfordian 
touches of humor. She died in 19 16 as a result of her exertions 
in war service. 

Representative books are: 

The Fortune of Christina M'Nab. 1901. 

A Lame Dog's Diary. 1905. 

A Woman's Diary of the War. 1915. 

My War Experience in two Continents. 1919. 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 50 ('16): 162. (Portrait.) 

" Lucas Malet." See (Mrs.) Mary St. Leger Harrison. 

Katherine Mansfield (Mrs. J. Middleton Murry) — 

short-story writer, critic. 

Reviewer for the AthencBum. Made famous by a recent 
volume of short stories. Her books are: 

In a German Pension. 
Bliss. 1921. 

Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 1921, i: 67. Nation (Lond.) 28 ('21): 639. 

Lond. Mercury, 3 ('21): 337. 

Charles Marriott — noveHst. 

Born at Bristol in 1869, son of a brewer. Educated pri- 
vately and in art at South Kensington, London. Quali- 
fied as a photographer and as a dispensing chemist. Worked 
in this capacity at Rainsford County Asylum, 1889-1901. 
Made a success with his first novel in 1901 and since then 



Charles Marriott — Continued 

has devoted himself to novel writing. Representative books 

are: 

The Column, igoi. 

The Catfish. 1913. 

Modern Movements in Painting. 191 7. 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 20 Coi): 5, 24. No. Am. 198 ('13): 63. 
(Portrait.) 

Archibald Marshall — novelist. 

Born at Hampstead in 1866. Son of a business man. 
Educated at Cambridge. Travelled in Australia and 
America. 

Writes with distinction about the English country gentle- 
man and his family and English country life. Representative 
works are: 

The Squire's Daughter. 1909. ^ 

The Eldest Son. 191 1. I (The Clinton Series.) 

The Honour of the Clintons. 191 3. J 

Rank and Riches. 1915. (Amer. ed., The Old Order Changeth.) 

Roding Rectory. 1914. (Amer. ed., The Greatest of These.) 

Watermeads. 1916. 

Sir Harry: A Love Story. 1919. 

For complete bibliography, cf. Lond. Mercury, 2 ('20): 741. 

Studies and Reviews 

Phelps, W.L. Archibald Marshall: Lond. Mercury, 2 ('20): 741. 

a Contemporary Realist. 1918. No. Am. 207 ('18): 891. 

Outlook, 108 ('14): 390; 125 ('20): 
Bookm. (Lond.) 58 ('20): 22. 280. (Portrait.) 

(Portrait.) R. of Rs. 60 ( '19) : 448. (Portrait.) 

John Masefield — poet, dramatist, noveHst. 

Born 1874, in Shropshire, of which the scenery is reflected 
in The Dauber, The Daffodil Fields, The Everlasting Mercy, 
The Widow in the Bye Street, and many lyrics. Ran away from 



John Masefield — Continued 

school and lived a vagabond life on sea and land. Has been 
round the Horn. In 1902 came to America, almost destitute. 
It is said that he lived for a time by odd jobs, sang on the 
streets, used free lunches, and even worked as a bar- tender in a 
New York hotel. While in a carpet factory at Yonkers, bought 
a seventy-five cent Chaucer and decided at the age of twenty- 
eight to become a poet. Owes his start to John Yeats, the 
brother of the poet. 

Began work as a hack writer in 1903 and became famous in 
191 2 through The Everlasting Mercy. 

Strongly influenced by Kipling, Conrad, Hardy, and 
Whitman, as well as by Chaucer. Has particular admiration 
for Hardy's Dynasts. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Classify his work into five groups: 
(i) Sea ballads and yarns 

(2) Novels and stories 

(3) Dramatic narrative poems 

(4) Plays 

(5) Personal poems 

This grouping will include everything except some miscella- 
eous editing and criticism, which may be disregarded except 
in an extended study of his work. 

Read first (i); then (3); then (5). This will show you his 
growth, both its direction and its increase in power. 

2. Read (i) with all the knowledge and imagination that 
you can bring to bear, in order to understand the reaUsm 
with which outer and inner experience associated with the 
sea are expressed. 

3. Make a special study of the language and the rhythms in 
these poems. 

4. Could Masefield's dramatic poems have been written as 
novels? with loss, or gain? What is the effect of his metre on 
his story? of his story on his metre? Do you feel that this 
form gives him freedom or hampers him in his expression? 

5. Is his tragedy melodrama or not? Collect evidence to 



John Masefield — Continued 

prove your answer. Include for this study the play "The 

Tragedy of Nan." 

6. Has Masefield great interest in types of humanity for 
themselves, or is he more interested in types of experience for 
their effect upon the soul? 

7. Make a special study of his observation, love, and use of 
Nature in (i) and (3) before you begin to study (5). 

8. Make a separate study of content and of form in (5). 
Phrase as definitely as possible the philosophy running 
through the personal poems and then consider how the form 
has been moulded to fit the thought. 

9. Read the novels, if at all, for their sideHghts on Mase- 
field's personality, and the historical plays for beauty of detail 
rather than for dramatic value. 

10. In making your judgment of Masefield's value and 
place, keep the different groups of his work distinct. Decide 
whether he will continue to be read for the work by which he 
won fame (i) and (3), or for his more personal work (5). 

Bibliography 

The Tragedy of Pompey the Great. 1901. 

Saltwater Ballads. 1902. 

Ballads. 1903. 

A Mainsail Haul. 1905. (Short stories.) 

A Tarpaulin Muster. 1907. (Short stories.) 

Captain Margaret. 1908. (Novel.) 

The Tragedy of Nan. 1909. (Play.) 

Multitude and SoUtude. 1909. (Novel.) 

The Lost Endeavour. 19 10. (Boy's story.) 

Poems and Ballads. 1910. 

The Street of To-day. 191 1. (Novel.) 

William Shakespeare. 191 1. (Essay.) 

* The Everlasting Mercy. 191 1. (Dramatic poem.) 
Jim Davis. 191 1. (Boy's story.) 

The Widow in the Bye Street. 191 2. (Narrative poem.) 

* Dauber. 1913. (Narrative poem.) 

The Daffodil Fields. 1913. (Narrative poem.) 
Philip the King. 1914. (Play.) 
Personal Recollections of John M. Synge. 1915. 
The Faithful. 1915. (Play.) 

"3 



John Masel^eld— Continued 

* Sonnets and Poems. 1916. 

The Locked Chest. 1916. (Play.) 
The Sweeps of '98. 1916. (Play.) 
Good Friday. 19 16. (Play.) 
Gallipoli. 19 1 6, (War sketches.) 

* Lollingdon Downs. 191 7. 
The Old Front Line. 1918. 

* Collected Poems and Plays. 1919. 
Enslaved. 1920. (Poems. 

Reynard the Fox; or the Ghost Heath Run. 1920 
Right Royal. 1920. (Narrative poem.) 
/ Cf. also Bulletin of Bibliography, 8, p. 158. 



Studies and Reviews 

Bennett. Fortn. 99 ('13): ii54=Liv. Age, 

Braithwaite. 278 ('13): 141; loi ('14): 498. 

Cunliffe. Ind. 73 ('12): 533. 

Phelps. (English Poetry.) Lit. Digest, 44 ('12): 75, 1299. 

Scott. Liv. Age, 280 ('14): 410. 

Sturgeon. Lond. Mercury, 2 ('20): 578. 

Williams. Lond. Times, Jan. 31, 1919: 54; 

May 20, 1920: 316. 

Atlan. Ill ('13): 489. Nation, 108 ('19): 389. 

Bookm. S3 ('n)- 5^4; 46 ('17): New Statesman, 16 ('20): 210. 

428; 48 ('19): 544; 52 ('21): N. Y. Times, 24 ('19): 709; 

345. 25 ('20): I. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 45 ('13): 295,300 19th Cent. 75 ('14): 186. 

(illustrated); 47 ('14): 51; 57 No. Am. 198 ('13): 375; 212 ('20): 

('19): loi. 548. (Fletcher.) 

Cent. 94 ('17): 830. Quar. 224 ('15): 395. 

Dial, 66 ('19): 118. Survey, 31 ('14): 707; 36 ('16): 40. 

Everybody's, 34 ('16): 400. Yale Rev. n. s. 2 ('13): 560; 

Everjonan, i (.'12): 188. n. s. 3 ('14): 287. 



Alfred Edward Woodley Mason — novelist. 

Born at Dulwich, 1865. Educated at Oxford. M. P. for 
Coventry, 1906-10. Served in the War. 

Representative books are: 



The Four Feathers. 1902. 
The Broken Road. 1907. 

114 



Alfred Edward Wooley Mason— Continued 
Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. 50 ('20): 324. 32 ('07): 5; 39 ('10): 6; 43 

Bookm. (Lond.) 10 ('96): 74; ('12): 68. (Portraits.) 

New Statesman, 16 ('21): 450. 

William Somerset Maugham— novelist, dramatist. 

Born 1874. Educated at King's School, Canterbury 
(Marlowe's School), and at Heidelberg University. Physician 
and surgeon at St. Thomas's Hospital, London. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Determine how far Maugham's training and experience 
as a physician have affected his choice of subjects and his 
treatment of his characters. Collect such evidence as you can 
to show that he thinks of his characters as cases. 

2. Collect evidence to show the extent of his experience of 
human nature and of the world. 

3. Does his work interest you because of the cleverness of 
the plot, the humanity of the characters, the variety of the 
Hfe presented, the author's close grip of each situation that he 
discusses, the reflection of a delightful personality in the 
style? Or is it interesting in spite of the fact that its plots have 
the incoherence of life itself, that the characters are handled 
objectively, that a monotony of tragic experience runs 
through the books, that the author's smooth irony is his 
most marked characteristic? To what, then, do you attribute 
the power of Maugham's work? its success? 

4. Compare his technique as novelist and as dramatist, 
especially where he treats the same material in both ways. 
(Cf. The Explorer.) 

Bibliography 

Liza of Lambeth. 1897. 
The Making of a Saint. 1898. 
Orientations. 1899. 
The Hero. 1901. 
* Mrs. Craddock. 1902. 

"5 



William Somerset Maugham— Continued 

Schiffbruchig, 1902. (At Berlin, in German.) (Play.) 

A Man of Honour. 1903. (Play.) 

The Merry-go-round. 1904. 

The Land of the Blessed Virgin. 1905. 

The Bishop's Apron. 1906. 

Lady Frederick. 1907. (Play.) 

The Explorer. 1907. (Novel.) 

Jack Straw. 1908. (Play.) 

Mrs. Dot. 1908. (Play.) 

The Explorer. 1908. (Play.) 

The Magician. 1908. 

Penelope. 1909. (Play.) 

Smith. 1909. (Play.) 

The Tenth Man. 1910. (Play.) 

Grace. 19 10. (Play.) 

Loaves and Fishes. 191 1, (Play.) 

The Land of Promise. 1914. (Play.) 

* Of Human Bondage. 191 5. 
Caroline. 19 16. (Play.) 

Love in a Cottage. 1918. (Play.) 
Caesar's Wife. 19 19. (Play.) 
Home and Beauty. 1919. (Play.) 

* The Moon and Sixpence. 1919. 
The Unknown. 1920. (Play.) 

Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 1919, i: 302. Nation, 102 ('16): 304 (Archer); 
Bookm. (Lond.) 34 ('08): 90; 56 103 ('16): 331; 109 ('19): 227. 

('i9):4S;57 ('19): 12. (Por- New Repub. 5 ('15): 202; 21 ('19): 

traits.) 57. 

Bost. Trans. Aug. 4, 1920 6; New Statesman, 15 ('20): 524. 

June 16, 1920 6. N. Y. Times, 25 ('20): 4. 

Outlook, no ('15): 874. 

Ethel Colbum Mayne — short-story writer. 

Associated with Henry Harland in editing the Yellow Book. 
Has recently attracted attention by her short stories. Won 
prize offered by Land and Water for best short-story, Conrad 
and Bennett being judges. Representative books are: 

Come In. 191 7. 
Blind Man. 1919. 

116 



Ethel Colbum Mayne— Continued 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) i6 ('98): 87 (por- Everyman, 15 ('20): 241. 
trait); 53 ('18): 158. (Swinner- Lond. Times, Nov. 28, 1919: 694. 
ton.) 

"Rutherford Mayne." See Samuel Waddell. 

Leonard Merrick — novelist, short-story writer, dramatist. 

Born in London, 1864, as Leonard Miller. Later, adopted 
legally his stage name. Intended for the Bar, but his father's 
financial reverses prevented. Worked in South Africa as 
foreman in a diamond mine and in a solicitor's ofl&ce. 
Became an actor and actor-manager. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Before reading Merrick's short stories read some of De 
Maupassant's, so that you can judge of his influence on Mer- 
rick. Determine whether this influence is on the handHng of 
the plot, on the style, on the general atmosphere, or how else 
it is shown. Think out how Merrick differs from the French- 
man. 

2. After reading a number of the short stories, select a 
small group of those that you find most appealing and observe 
how the effects are obtained. The following questions may 
serve as a beginning: (a) How small a section of life is cut? 
(b) How wide is the appeal of the material? (c) How much of 
the success of the story is due to the element of surprise? 
(d) How much of the charm comes from the details that 
give atmosphere? 

3. How far is Merrick's hfe experience discoverable in his 
work and in his attitude toward Hfe? Note specific types of 
instances that recur and repeated opinions. 

4. Examine a long passage from one of the novels for 
realism, and note both the details chosen and the com- 
ments. 

5. Classify the characters into types carefully studied and 
those casually observed, and draw conclusions as to Merrick's 

117 



Leonard Mernck— Continued 

range of experience, insight, and technique of character re- 
presentation. 

6. Is the machinery of his plots built according to conven- 
tion or to life? 

7. Would it be true to say that his vision is acute but 
narrow, that his technique is occasionally inspired but lacks 
discipline? that his lack of a general philosophy of life inter- 
feres with his production of sustained works of art? that his 
whimsicality is a merit or a defect of his style? 

8. Why is he especially admired by other writers and per- 
sistently unpopular with the public? 

Bibliography 

This Stage of Fools. 1896. 

A Daughter of the Philistines. 1897. (=Cynihia, 1918, introd. by 

Maurice Hewlett.) 
One Man's View. 1897. (1918, introd. by Granville Barker.) 

* The Actor-Manager. 1898. (1918, introd. by W. D. Howells.) 
The Worldings. 1900. (1918, introd. by Neil Munro.) 

When Love FHes out of the Window. 1901. (1918, introd. by Sir 
William Robertson Nicoll.) * 

Conrad in Quest of His Youth. 1903. (1918, introd. by Sir J^ les 
M. Barrie.) 

The Quaint Companions. 1903. (1918, introd. by H. G. Wells.) 

The Man who Was Good. 1906. (1918, introd. by J. K. Prothero.) 

* Whispers about Women. 1906. (Short stories.) 

The House of Lynch. 1907. (1918, introd. by G. K. Chesterton.) 

* The Man Who Understood Women. 1908. (Short stories; 1918, introd. 

by W. J. Locke.) 
The Position of Peggy Harper. 191 1. (1918, introd. by Sir Arthur 

Pinero.) 
A Chair on the Boulevard. (1918, introd. by A. Neil Lyons.) 

* While Paris Laughed. 19 18. 

Studies and Reviews 

See Bibliography for introductions Bookm. 33 Cii): 450, 548; 50 

to the 1918 editions, by Barker, ('20): 128. 

Barrie, Chesterton, Hewlett, Bookm. (Lond.) 45 ('13): 85 (por- 

Howells, Locke, Lyons, Munro, trait); 54 ('18): 113; 56 ('19): 

Nicoll, Pinero, Prothero, and 202. 
Wells. 

118 



Leonard Merrick— Continued 

Cur. Op. 65 ('18): 115 =Liv. Age, N. Y. Times, 24 ('19): 233,489. 

298 ('18): 775- No. Am. 185 ('07): 378. (How- 
Dial, 64 ('18): 527. ells.) 

Liv. Age, 298 ('18): 775. R. of Rs. 43 ('11): 760; 45 ('12): 

New Repub. 20 ('19): 271. 761. (Portraits.) 

Charlotte Mew — ^poet. 

The Farmer's Bride. 192 1. 

Studies and Reviews 

New Statesman, 17 ('21): 759. Spec. Mar. 26, 1921; 403. 

(Mrs.) Alice (Christina) Meynell — poet, essayist. 

Born 1850, daughter of T. J. Thompson and sister of 
Elizabeth Thompson, Lady Butler, the battle painter. Both 
sisters were educated with special care by their father. In her 
youth spent much time in Italy. Married Wilfrid Meynell 
(th^ critic) and is the mother of Viola Meynell (q. v.). 
Or^he friendship between the Meynells and Francis Thomp- 
son, see Everard Meynell's life of Thompson. 

l^UGGESTIONS FOR READING 

1. Analyze in terms of sound and rhythm, sense appeal, 
and beauty of feeling, the qualities that give Mrs. Meynell 
high rank as a poet. Do you find her original? 

2. Compare her mysticism with that of Evelyn Underhill 
(q. v.). 

3. An interesting study can be made by contrasting her 
work with her daughter's (cf. Viola Meynell) and perhaps 
supplementing this study by a contrast of the two De la 
Pastures (q. v.). 

Collected Poems. 19 13. 
Selected Essays. 1914. 

For complete bibliography, see London Mercury, i ('20): 754. 

119 



(Mrs.) Alice Christina Meynell— Continued 
Studies and Reviews 

Mais. Critic, 43 ('03): 345. 

Scott. Irish Mo. 41 ('13): 427, 

Liv. Age, 288 ('16): 483. 

Bookm. (Lpnd.) 49 ('15): 5 (por- Lond. Mercury, i ('20): 754. 

trait); 53 ('18): 126. New Repub. 15 ('18): 178. (Lit- 
Cath. World, 73 ('01): 521; tell.) 

92 Cii): 494; 97 ('13): 668. No. Am. 207 ('18): 599. 

Viola Meynell — novelist, poet. 
Daughter of Wilfrid and Alice Meynell. 

Bibliography 

Martha Vine. 
Lot Barrow. 1913. 
Modern Lovers. 1914. 
Columbine. 19 15. 
Narcissus. 1916. 
Second Marriage. 19 18, 
Verses. 191 9. 

Studies and Reviews 

Johnson, R. Brimley. Cath. World, no ('19): 410. 

Dial, 67 ('20): 272. 

Ath, 1918, i: 285. Lond. Times, Apr. 26, 1918: 195;'. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 46 ('14): 8 (por- Feb. 12, 1920: loi. 

trait); 54 ('18): 103; 55 ('19): Nation, no ('20): 48. 

163; 57 ('19): 97. N. Y. Times, 24 ('19): 306. 
Bost. Trans., June 14, 1919: 8. 

Alan Alexander Milne — dramatist, essayist. 

Born 1882. Scotch. Educated at Westminster School and 
Cambridge. Began journalism in 1903. Was assistant editor 
of Punch. Dramatist and critic. Served in the War. 

Bibliography 

The Day's Play. 1910. 
The Holiday Round. 191 2. 
Once a Week. 19 14. 
Once on a Time. 191 7. 

First Plays. 1917. (Wurzel-Flummery, Belinda, The Boy Come 
Home.) 



Alan Alexander Milne— Continued 

Make-Believe. 19 1 8. (Play.) 

Mr. Pim Passes By. 19 19. (Play.) 

Not That it Matters. 1919. 

The Great Broxopp. 1920. (Play.) 

If I May. 1920. (Essays.) 

Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 1919, 2: 1017. Nation, in ('20): 18. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 39 ('10): 71. New Statesman, 16 ('20): no. 

(Portrait.) N. Y. Times, 25 ('20): 22. 

Bost. Trans., Aug. 18, 1920: 7. Review, 3 ('20): 173. 

Freeman, i ('20): 406. Spec. 123 ('19): 477. 

London Times, Oct. 17, 1919: 564; Springfield Repub., Aug. 27, 1920: 

Nov. 28, 1919: 693; Oct. 21, 8. 

1920: 681. 

Allan (Noble) Monkhouse — dramatist, novelist. 

Has been on the staff of the Manchester Gimrdian; re- 
views now for the New Statesman. 



Bibliography 

Mary Broome: a Comedy in Four Acts. 191 2. 

The Education of Mr. Surrage: a Comedy in Four Acts. 1913. 

Four Tragedies. 19 13. 

War Plays. 1916. 

True Love. 1920. (Novel.) 



Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. 51 ('20): 541. Bost. Trans., June n, 1913: 4. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 51 ('17): 132; Springfield Repub., May i, 1913: 5. 
54 ('18): 99. 

Harold Monro — poet, critic. 

Bom in Brussels, 1879. Founded the Poetry Bookshop in 
London in 19 12 to sell only poetry and drama and books re- 
lating to these subjects. Established the quarterly Poetry 
and Drama, which stopped during the War and was revived 
in 1919 as the Chapbook. His shop is a literary centre. 

121 



Harold Momo— Continued 
Suggestions for Reading 

1. Read a number of his poems until in the philosophy of 
them you come upon something that you have never found in 
the work of any other poet. 

2. What quahties make Monro's poems pecuharly 
^^human"? 

3. What is to be said of his originality of subject and de- 
tail? Collect interesting examples. 

4. Do you recommend Mr. Monro to continue writing 
poetry about his daily experiences? Why or why not? 

Bibliography 

Poems. 1906. 

Evolution of the Soul. 1907. 
Judas, 1908. 

Chronicle of a Pilgrimage. 1909. 
Before Dawn. 191 1. 
Children of Love. 1914. 
Trees. 191 5. 
* Strange Meetings. 191 7. 
Some Contemporary Poets. 1920. 
Also in: Cambridge Poets. 1910-13. 

Catholic Anthology. 191 5. 

Georgian Poetry. 1911-12. 1913-15. 

Studies and Reviews 

Sturgeon. Dial, 63 ('17): 150; 70 ('21): 449. 

Egoist, 4 ('17): 119, 133. 
Ath. 1921, i: 125. New Statesman, 16 ('20): 400. 

Charles Edward Montague — ^journalist, noveUst. 

Born in 1867. Educated at Oxford. Has been on the 
Manchester Guardian since 1890. Served in the War. Most 
of his work is critical, but he has written two novels worth 
study: 

A Hind Let Loose. 1910. (Novel.) 

Dramatic Values. 191 1. 

The Morning's War. 1913. (Novel.) 

The Front Line. 191 7. (With drawings by Muirhead Bone.) 

Notes from Calais Base. 1918. 



Charles Edward Montague—Continued 
Studies and Reviews 

Bennett. New Repub. 19 ('19): 360. 

Scott. 19th Cent. 74 ('13): 792. 

Spec. Ill ('13): 351. 
Bookm. (Lond.) 38 ('10): 3 (por- 
trait); 45 ('13): 116. 

George Moore — novelist, critic, man of letters. 

Born in County Mayo, Ireland, about 1853. Father an M. 
P. Educated privately, largely by himself. Has always been 
free to live as he pleased, and has made his Ufe one long 
opportunity for the expression of his art, in pursuance of his 
own theory: "Art is a personal re- thinking of life from end to 
end.'* His work falls into three periods: 

1. French influences. He lived in Paris and was dominated 
by the work of the Goncourts, Barres, Zola, Huysmans, 
Flaubert, the Symbolist poets, and the artists and musicians 
of the time in Paris. The experiences and ideas of this 
period are reflected in all his early stories and novels (to 
1901.) 

2. Irish. He was drawn by the influence of Edward 
Martyn into the Irish Renaissance movement and went to 
live in Dublin. The effects of this association lasted about 
ten years. 

3. Religious. Although interest in religious phenomena 
appears in Sister Teres a , and is marked in the third volume of 
Hail and Farewell, it finds full expression in the religious novel, 
The Brook Kerith, an attempt to reconstruct the life of Christ. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. As the chief value of Moore's work lies in its reflection 
of his own temperament, it is a good plan to begin by reading 
his own account of himself in the three volumes of Hail and 
Farewell. 

2. In all that he writes remember the continual swing 
of his mind between the sensuous delights of the artist in 
beauty and pleasure and the attitude of the rehgious mystic 

123 



George Moore—Continued 

attempting to find the equivalents of these things in the 

spiritual life. 

3. In reading any book by Moore, first place it in its rela- 
tionship to (a) Zola, (b) the Irish Renaissance, (c) Moore's 
own artistic and religious experience. 

4. What is the range and strength of Moore's imaginative 
gift? Is his complete lack of reticence with regard to matters 
not commonly discussed in public temperamental or affected? 
Is it a merit or a defect in his work? 

5. Can you phrase the common mental characteristic that 
underHes the production of such widely diverse works as 
Moore has produced? 

6. Recall Wilde's remark that "George Moore has con- 
ducted his literary education in pubUc." In what sense is it 
true? Compare, where you can, original versions of his work 
with the rewritten forms and draw conclusions. Compare 
styKstic qualities of his first work and his latest in as much 
detail as you can. 

7. What elements of permanent value do you find in 
Moore's work? 

Bibliography 

Flowers of Passion. 1877. (Poems.) 
Pagan Poems. 1881. 
A Modern Lover. 1883. (Novel.) 
*A Mummer's Wife. 1884. (Novel.) 
Literature at Nurse. 1885. 
A Drama in Muslin. 1886. 
Parnell and His Island. 1887. 
A Mere Accident. 1887. 
Confessions of a Young Man. 1888. 
Springs Days. 1888. 
Mike Fletcher. 1889. 

Impressions and Opinions. 1890. (Criticisms.) 
Vain Fortune. 1890. 

Modern Painting. 1893. (Art criticisms,'^ 
The Strike at Arlingford. 1893. 

* Esther Waters. 1894. (Novel.) (Revised edition 1920.) 
Celibates. 1895. (Short stories.) 

* Evelyn Innes. 1896. (Novel.) 

124 



George Moore— Continued 

The Bending of the Bough, a Comedy in Five Acts. 1900. 
Sister Teresa. 1901. (Novel.) 
The Untilled Field. 1903. (Short stories.) 
The Lake. 1905. (Novel.) 
Memoirs of My Dead Life. 1906. 
* Hail and Farewell: 1911. Ave, 1911; Salve, 191 2; Vale, 1914. (Auto- 
biography.) 
The Brook Kerith. 1916. 
A Story-teller's Holiday. 1916. 
Avowals. 19 19. 

Abelard and Heloise. 192 1. (Historical novel.) 
The Coming of Gabrielle. 192 1. (Play.) 

Studies and Reviews 

Boyd. (Ireland's Lit. Ren.) Bookm. (Lond.) 51 ('16): 27 (por- 
Chesterton, Heretics. trait); 52 ('17): 46. 

Cunliffe. Book News Mo. 36 ('18): 168. 

Harris. Contemporary Portraits. Cur. Op. 61 ('16): 265. (Portrait.) 

Second Series. 1920. Eng. Rev. 11 ('12): 188 (portrait 
Huneker, James. Unicorns. only); 29 ('19): 489. 

Ivory Apes and Peacocks; Pa- Everyman, 16 ('20): 375. 

thos of Distance. Lond. Mercury, 2 ('20): 281; 3 
Littell. ('21): 673. 

Mitchell, Susan. George Moore. Lond. Times, July 29, 1920: 485. 

Weygandt. Nation, 94 ('12): 385. 

New Statesman, 15 ('20): 202. 

Atlan. 118 ('16): 165. No. Am. 204 ('16): 931. 

Bookm.34(*ii):377;38('i3): 125. Westm. R. 172 ('09): 200. 

(Portrait.) Yale Rev. n. s. 6 ('17): 342. 

(Thomas) Sturge Moore — ^poet, critic. 

Bom in 1870. Wood engraver; designed the covers for 
poems by Yeats and others. Representative books are: 

The Vinedresser and other Poems. 1899. 

The Little School. 1905. 

Art and Life. 1910. 

The SiciHan Idyll and Judith. 191 1. 

The Sea is Kind. 19 14. 

Danae. Aforetime. Blind Thamyris. 1920. 

Some Soldier Poets. 1920. 

For complete bibliography, see Lond. Mercury, 3 ('20): 100. 

125 



Sturge Moore— Continued 

Studies and Reviews 

Williams. London Times, Feb. i, 191 8: 55; 

Oct. 28, 1920: 695; Dec. 2, 
Atlan. 96 ('05): 414. 1920. 

Bookm. 40 ('14): 204. Poetry, 11 ('17): 336. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 41 ('11): 56 (por- 
trait); 54 ('18): 66. 

Hector Hugh Munro (** Saki ")— journalist, novelist. 

Born in 1870. Contributed to the Bystander, the West- 
minster Gazette, and the Morning Post, especially, among 
London newspapers. EnHsted in the War and was killed 
in action, 1916. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Analyze in him ''the child, the buffoon, the satirist, the 
eclectic, the aristocrat, the elegant man of the world." 

2. Analyze the elements of his humor. How does he get 
the laugh? Compare him with Stephen Leacock. 

3. Compare his treatment of children with that of Barrie 
(q. v.), Kipling (q. v.), Kenneth Grahame; Eric Parker. 

Bibliography 

* Reginald. 1904. 
Strange Meetings. 
Reginald in Russia. 19 10. 
Chronicles of Clovis. 191 1. 
The Unbearable Bassington. 191 2. 
When William Came. (Anti-war propaganda.) 1914. 
Beasts and Super-Beasts. 1914. 
Sredni Vashtar. 
Toys of Peace. 1919. (Short stories, with portrait and memoir.) 



Studies and Reviews 

Mais. Bookm. (Lond.) 55 ('19): 182 

(portrait); 56 ('19): 20. 
New Statesman, 10 ('17): 159. 
126 



Neil Munro — novelist, journalist. 

Writes Scottish historical romances, and is sometimes 
called Stevenson's successor in this genre. Editor Glasgow 
Evening News since 1918. One of his best-known books is: 

John Splendid, a Highland romance. 1898. 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 10 ('96): 9; 48 Liv. Age, 286 ('15): 615. 
('15): 97. (Portraits.) Westm. Rev. 174 ('10): 67. 

Sir (George) Gilbert (Aime) Murray— man of letters. 

Born in Sydney, N. S. W., in 1866. Educated at Merchant 
Taylors' School, and at Oxford. Since 1908 Regius Professor 
of Greek at Oxford. Famous for his verse translations of 
Greek plays. His writing of special interest to students of 
EngHsh Uterature includes: 

Carlyon Sahib. 1899. (Play.) 

Religio Grammatici. 1918. (Philosophy.) 

For full bibliography to 192 1, cf. Lond. Mercury, 3 ('21): 326. 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 31 ('07): 260. Nation, 108 ('19): 639. 

(Portrait.) Outlook, loi ('12): 8. 

Cent. 94 ('17): 827. (Portrait.) 

T. C. Murray — dramatist. 

One of the Cork representatives of the Irish dramatic revi- 
val. Wrote three tragedies: 

Wheel o' Fortune. (Produced 1909, unpublished.) 
Birthright. 1910. 
Maurice Harte. 191 2. 

Studies and Reviews 

Boyd (Con temp.) Weygandt. 

Clark. 

127 



Henry (Woodd) Nevinson — journalist, man of letters. 

Born about 1852. Educated at Shrewsbury School, and at 
Oxford. Has been a war correspondent for the Daily Chron- 
icle, the Manchester Guardian, and the Daily News, during 
the Greek-Turk War of 1897, the Boer War, and the Great 
War, in Germany, France, and at the Dardanelles. Exposed 
the Portuguese slave trade in Central Africa, in 1904-05, and 
was in Russia during the troubles of 1905-06. Besides writ- 
ing for these newspapers, has been on the staff of the Nation 
(English) since 1906. Representative books are: 

Neighbours of Ours. 1897. (Stories of the East End, London.) 
Between the Acts. 1903. (Stories and studies from life; the first two, 

autobiographical.) 
Books and Personalities. 1905. 
Original Sinners. 1920. (Stories.) 

Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 1905, i: 557. Critic, 47 ('05): 380. 

Atlan. 96 ('05): 848. Dial, 39 ('05): 91. 

Bookm. S3 ('21): 253. Liv. Age, 244 ('05): 199. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 25 ('04): 201, 227. Spec. 94 ('05): 924. 
(Portrait.) 

Sir Henry (John) Newbolt— poet, man of letters. 

Born in 1862. Educated at Oxford and became a barrister 
at Lincoln's Inn. Practiced law until 1899. Edited the 
Monthly Review, 1 900-1 904. Is best known for his sea 
poetry. Representative works are: 

Admirals All. 1897. 

The Island Race. 1898. 

Songs of the Sea. 1904. Songs of the Fleet. 1910. (Both with music 

by Sir C. V. Stanford.) 
The New June, 1909. ^Novel.) 
* Collected Poems. 1910. 
The Book of the Blue Sea. 19 14. 
The Book of the Thin Red Line. 1915. 
Tales of the Great War. 1916. 
A New Study of English Poetry. 191 7. (Criticism.) 

For complete bibliography, see Lond. Mercury, 2 ('20): 115. 

128 



Sir Henry Newholt—Contimied 

Studies and Reviews 

Archer. ('14): 5; 47 ('14): 35- (Por- 

traits.) 
Bookm. (Lond.) 13 ('98): 173; 46 Edin. R. 210 ('09): 378. 

Robert Nichols — poet. 

Born in the Isle of Wight, 1893. Son of John Bowyer 
Buchanan Nichols. When an Oxford undergraduate enlisted 
in the War. Was disabled by shell shock. Has been ap- 
pointed to Lafcadio Hearn's position as professor of English 
literature at Tokio University. 

For Suggestions for Reading, see Robert Graves. 

Bibliography 

Ardours and Endurances. 191 7. 
The Flower of Flame. 1920. 
Aurelia and Other Poems. 1920. 
Also in: Georgian Poetry. 

Oxford Poetry. 1917-19. 

The Owl. I, 2. 

Studies and Reviews 

Bellman. 25 ('18): 711. (Por- Freeman, 2 ('20): 331. 

trait.) Liv. Age, 306 ('20): 235. (Binyon.) 

Bookm. 48 ('18): 389. (Portrait.) Lond. Times, Feb. 20, 1920: 123. 

Frederick John Niven — novelist. 

Born in Chile, 1878. Educated in Glasgow, where he also 
studied art. Has travelled far and wide. Served during the 
War. 

Bibliography 

Lost Cabin Mine. 1908. 
Island Providence. 1910. 
Wilderness of Monkeys. 191 1. 
Above Your Heads. 191 1. 
Dead Men's Bells. 191 2. 
Porcelain Lady. 1913 

129 



Frederick John Niw en— Continued 

Ellen Adair. 1913. 

Justice of the Peace. 19 14. 

The S. S. Glory. 1915. 

Hands Up. 1915. 

Two Generations. 1916. 

Cinderella of Skookum Creek. 1916. 

Maple-Leaf Songs. 191 7. 

Sage-Brush Stories. 1917. 

Penny Scot's Treasure. 191 8. 

The Lady of the Crossing. 1919. 

Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 1920, 2: 439. London Times, Sept. 30, 1920: 

Bookm. (Lond.) 50 ('16): 151; 52 633. 

('17): 98; 56 ('19): 62 (portrait), N. Y. Times, 24 ('19): 468; 25 

87. ('20): 18. 

Edward Noble — novelist, story writer. 

Has wandered about the world for more than twenty years 
on sailing ships, tramp steamers, and mail steamers. Is 
interested in engineering, and " sailorizing, both afloat and 
ashore." The following books are representative: 

The Bottle-Fillers. 191 5. 
Outposts of the Fleet. 191 7. 

Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 1915, 2: 330. Dial, 60 ('16): 383; 63 ('17): 

Atlan. 118 ('16): 492. 400. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 27 ('05): 232 (por- Nation, 102 ('16): 225. 
trait); 28 ('05): 102. N. Y. Times, 21 ('16): 26. 

Spec. 115 ('15): 630. 

Alfred Noyes — poet. 

Born in Staffordshire, 1880. Educated at Oxford and 
immediately made poetry his profession. He was early dis- 
tinguished as the one modern poet who could make poetry — • 
even the epic — ^pay. He married an American, and in 19 14 
was appointed professor of Modern English Literature at 
Princeton. 

130 



Alfred "Noyes— Continued 
Suggestions for Reading 

1. Before you study particular poems, note the great 
volume of poetry produced by Noyes, and read aloud here and 
there, to observe the variety of rhythms and the general 
quality of the verse. What are your conclusions? 

2. Then choose a long narrative poem, a dramatic poem, 
and a number of short lyrics and ballads, according to the 
appeal of the subject. Note those that you like and those 
that you do not care for, with reasons. 

3. With all the fluency and variety that you have found, 
do you observe any passages of unusual gripping power? If 
so, try to analyze these and to discover whether it is real 
power growing out of a battle with the grim realities or a 
rhetorical power growing out of the poet's sense of the dra- 
matically picturesque. 

4. Do you find underlying the picturesqueness of phrase 
and swinging rhythms any conceptions of poetic truth that 
seem to you new or strikingly viewed? Would it be just to 
say that Noyes is a poet of the dramatic externals of life, not 
of its deepest truth and most evasive beauty? If not, sum up 
his value in your own way. 

5. If you were faced with the necessity of destroying all of 
his poems but six, could you choose six that would still keep 
for us the most that he has to contribute to literature? 

Bibliography 

The Loom of Years. 1902. (Poems.) 
The Flower of Old Japan. 1903. (Tale in Verse.) 
Poems. 1904. 

The Forest of Wild Thyme. 1905. 
Forty Singing Seamen. 1907. (Poem.) 
Drake. 1908. (An English Epic.) 
The Enchanted Island and Other Poems. 1909. 
* Collected Poems. 1910. (Two volumes.) 
Robin Hood. 191 2. 
A Tale of Old Japan. 191 2. (Set to music by Coleridge-Taylor, 

performed by Royal Choral Society, 191 2-13.) 
The Winepress. (A Tale of War.) 1913. 

131 



Alfred "Noyes— Continued 

The Sea in English Poetry. 1913. 
Rada. 191 5. (Play.) 
A Salute from the Fleet. 
Walking Shadows. 191 7 
The Elfin Artist. 1920. 
* Collected Poems. 1920. 



(Essays.) 



1915. 

(Short stories.) 
(New poems.) 
(Volume 3.) 



Studies and Reviews 



Bennett. 

Phelps. (English Poetry.) 

WilUams. 

Ath. 1913, i: 691; 1920, 2: 142. 

Bookm, (Lond.) 30 ('06): 199 (por- 
trait); 39 ('10): 149; 48 ('15): 
41. 

Cath. World, 97 ('13): 289. 

Cent. 88 ('14): 349- 

Cur. Op. 54 ('13): 315- (Por- 
trait.) 

Gerald O'Donovan — novelist. 
Irishman. His novels are: 

Father Ralph. 1913. 

Waiting. 1914. 

How They Did It. 1920. 



Dial, 70 ('21): 476. 

Edin. R. 210 ('09): 378. 

Forum, 43 ('10): 550. (Clayton 

Hamilton.) 
Lit. Digest, 46 ('13): 662; 53 ('16): 

mo. 
Liv. Age, 285 ('is): 742. 
Lond. Times, June 18, 1920: 381. 
Nation, 97 ('13): 617. 
No. Amer. 200 ('14): 85. 
Yale Rev. n. s. 3 ('14): 287. 



Studies and Reviews 



Ath. 1913, i: 522; 1914, i: supp. 

739- 
Cath. World, 102 ('15): 116. 
Nation, 99 ('14): 607; loi ('15): 

122. 



Sat. Rev. 117 ('14): 742. 
Spec, no ('13): 887; 112 ('14): 
793- 



Seumas O^Kelly. — story writer, dramatist. 
Editor of Sinn Fein. Died 1920. His books are: 

The Matchmakers. 1908. 
The Shuiler's Child. 1909. 
Three Plays. 191 2. 

The Bribe; a play in three acts. (Played 1913.) 
The Golden Barque and The Weaver's Grave. 1920. 

132 



Seumas O^KeUy— Continued 

Studies and Reviews 

Boyd (Contemp.; Literary Ren.) New Statesman, 15 ('20): 142. 

N. Y. Times, 25 ('20): 19. 
Ath. 1920, i: 31. Review, 3 ('20): 422. 

Lond. Times, Nov. 20, 19 19: 677. 

Ernest Oldmeadow — novelist. 

Born at Chester, 1867. Editor of The Dome, 1897-1900. 
Musical critic of the Outlook (London), 1900-04. His best- 
known books are: 

Susan. 1907. 

Coggin. 1920. (Trilogy, vol. i.) 

The Hare. 1921. (Trilogy, vol. 2.) 

Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 1920, i: 143; 2: 836. Review, 2 ('20): 310. 

Nation, no ('20): 373. 

Alfred Ollivant — ^novelist. 

Born in 1874, in Sussex. Educated at Rugby. Received 
a commission in the army, but resigned, 1895. 

Bibliography 

Owd Bob. 1898. (American ed.. Bob, Son of Battle.) 

Danny. 1902. 

The Gentleman. 1908. 

The Brown Mare. 1916. 

Two Men. 1919. 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 15 ('98): 55. Lond. Times, Nov 14, 1919: 652. 
(Portrait.) N. Y. Times, 21 ('16): 469; 24 

Dial, 61 ('16): 198. ('19): 609. 

"Moira O'Neill." See Nesta Higginson. 

Oliver Onions — noveUst. 
Studied art in South Kensington and Paris and became an 

133 



Oliver Omons— Continued 

illustrator and designer of posters and advertisements before 
he began to write. 
Representative books are: 

The Compleat Bachelor. 1901. 

In Accordance with the Evidence. 191 2. 1 

The Story of Louie. 1913. [ (Trilogy.) 

The Debit Account. 1913. J 

Mushroom Town. 19 14. 

Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 191 2, i: 304; 1913, i: 65. 19th Cent. 74 ('13): 792. 

Bookm. 38 ('14): 660 (George); Outlook, 109 ('15): 595. 

39 ('14): 21. R. of Rs. 50 ('14): 247. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 42 ('12): 88; 43 Sat. Rev. 115 ('13): 117. 

('13): 331; 45 ('15): 56. Spec. 108 ('12): 804; no ('13): 
Ind. 83 ('15): 297. (Portrait.) 322. 
Nation, 100 ('15): 307. 

Conal O'Connell O'Riordan (" Norreys Connell")— 

dramatist, novelist. 

Manager of the Abbey Theatre, Dublin, 1909-15. His 
books are: 

The Piper. 1908. 

Time. 1909. 

Shakespeare's End and other Irish Plays. 191 2. 

Rope Enough. 1914. 

Adam of Dublin. 1920. (Novel.) 

Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 1920, 2: 652. Lond. Times, Oct. 22, 1920: 683. 

Irish Book Lover, 12 ('20): 65. 

" Seumas O'Sullivan." See James Starkey. 

Wilfred Owen— poet. 

War poet, killed in action, 1918. His poems furnish an 
interesting comparison with those of Sassoon (q. v.) in their 
expression of the ugliness of war. Noticeable is his pecuUar 
use of dissonance instead of rhyme as a poetic form. 

134 



Wilfred Owen— Continued 

Bibliography 

Poems. 1921. 

Studies and Reviews 

Lit. Digest, 68 ('21): 36. New Statesman, 16 ('21): 454. 

Lond. Mercury, 3 ('21): 334. Manchester Guardian, Jan. 7, 

Lond. Times, Jan. 6, 1921: 6. 1921. 

Nation and Ath. 28 ('21): 705. Springfield Repub., Mar. 24, 1921. 
(Murry.) 

Violet Paget (" Vernon Lee ") — essayist, novelist. 

Born in 1856. A follower of Pater. Has lived much in 
Italy and has written interpretative studies of the Renais- 
sance, besides studies in aesthetics and sociology, and several 
novels. Representative books are: 

Euphorion, essays on the Renaissance. 1884. 

Hortus Vitas, 1903. (Essays.) 

Laurus Nobilis. 1909. 

The Tower of Mirrors. 19 14. (Essays.) 

Louis Norbert. 1914. (Novel.) 



Studies and Reviews 

Forum, 45 ('11): 447. Lit. Digest, 49 ('14): 65 (Por- 

trait.); 51 ('15) :io83. 



John (Leslie) Palmer — critic, novelist. 

Born in 1885. Educated at Oxford. Joined Saturday 
Review, 1909; now assistant editor. 

Bibliography 

The Censor and the Theatres. 191 2. 
The Comedy of Manners. 1913. 
The Future of the Theatre. 1913. 
Peter Paragon. 1915. (Novel.) 
The King's Men. 1916. (Novel.) 

135 



John PalraeT— Continued 

Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 1915, i: 211; 1916: 231. N. Y. Times, 20 ('15): 388; 21 

Bookm. 42 ('is): 326. ('16): 239. 

Boston Trans. May 31, 1916: 5. Sat. Rev. 119 ('15): 259; 121 ('16): 

Dial, 59 ('15): 616; 61 C'i6): 66. 424. 

Lond. Times, May 30, 1916: 154. Spec. 114 ds): 549. 

William Romaine Paterson ("Benjamin Swift") — 

novelist. 

Born in Glasgow, 1871. Educated at Lausanne and at 
Glasgow University. Travelled extensively in Europe to 
learn languages. Head of the Translation Bureau of the 
Interallied Rhineland High Commission, 1920. Represen- 
tative books are: 

Nancy Noon. 1896. 
The Tormentor. 1897. 
The Destroyer. 1898. 
Sordon. 1902. 

Studies and Reviews 

Acad, so ('96): 237; 52 ('97): 490. Bookm. (Lond.) 11 C96): 5, 17 
Bookm. 33 ('11): 467, S33- (portrait); 14 ('98): 48; 17 ('99): 

29. 

Padraic Pearse— poet. 

Born in 1880, at Dublin, of English parents. B. A. and 
admitted to the Bar. Teacher, orator, and GaeUc scholar. 
Leader of the Irish Rebellion. Executed in 19 16. 

Collected Works. 19 17. 

Poems of the Irish Revolutionary Brotherhood. 1916. 



Studies and Reviews 

Bronne, P. Introduction to Col- Ryan, Desmond. A Man Called 
lected Works. Pearse. 1919. 

Irish Book Lover, 8 ('16): 21, 37. 
136 



Eden Phillpotts— novelist. 

Born in India in 1862, son of an army officer. Educated in 
England. When he was seventeen, went into the fire insur- 
ance business and so continued for nearly ten years, writing 
at night. Tried acting and art before he settled upon litera- 
ture. First got editorial work in Black and White; later, on 
the Idler. 

His work is limited in setting to Cornwall and Devonshire, 
and his most successful work has Dartmoor for a background. 
Representative books are: 

Children of the Mist. 1898. (Devonshire.) 

The Human Boy. 1899. 

My Devon Year. 1903. 

The Secret Woman. 1905. (Devonshire.) (Dramatized. 191 2.) 

Old Delabole. 1915. (Cornwall.) 

Studies and Reviews 

Cooper. Bookm. (Lond.) 28 C05): 7 (il- 

lustrated); 49 ('16): 115. 
No. Am. 190 ('09): 15. (Howells.) 

Marmaduke (William) Pickthall— novehst. 

Born in 1875. Educated at Harrow and on the Continent. 
Lived for years among the natives of the Near East, es- 
pecially in Syria and Egypt, for a year among the Druses of 
Mount Lebanon. His material is drawn largely from Oriental 
sources, and is strongly influenced by his knowledge of 
Arabic and his interest in Eastern modes of thought. Repre- 
sentative books are: 

Said the Fisherman. 1903. 
The House of War. 1916. 
Oriental Encounters. 1918. 
Sir Limpidus. 1919. 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 31 ('06): 37 (por- New Age, 26 ('20): 162. 
trait); 35 ('08): 108; 49 ('16): 
170; 50 ('16): 56; 55 ('18): 71. 

137 



Sir Arthur (Wing) Pinero— dramatist. 

Born in London, 1855, of Portuguese extraction. Actor 
from 1874 to 1881. Shared with Henry Arthur Jones popular 
favor as dramatist between 1890 and 1910. Among his best 
known plays are: 

The Second Mrs. Tanqueray, 1893. 
The Gay Lord Quex. 1899. 
Iris. 1901. 
Letty. 1903. 
Mid-Channel. 1909. 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. 31, ('10): 68; 32 ('11): Forum, 47 ('12): 494. 

464; 36 ('12): 272. Lit. Digest, 44 ('12): 534. 

Fortn. 99 ('13): 1136. =Liv. Age, 

278 ('13): 265. 

Joseph Mary Plunkett— poet, editor. 

Born in 1887, eldest son of Count Plunkett. Educated at 
Stonyhurst College. Editor of the Irish Review, to which 
MacDonagh and Pearse contributed. Executed in 1916 for 
his part in the Irish Rebellion. 

Poems. 191 6. 

Poems of the Irish Revolutionary Brotherhood. 1916. 



Studies and Reviews 

Plunkett, Geraldine. Foreword to Irish Mo. 44 ('16): 766; 46 ('18): 
Poems. 501. 

James Prior — novelist. 

Born in 185 1, the son of a Nottingham tradesman, who 
was, however, born and bred in the country. Prior is work- 
ing out his art alone, basing it upon his knowledge of the 
Nottingham countryside, and working under the influence of 
the EngHsh classics (especially Borrow, Dickens, Marlowe, 
and Shakespeare). His books have won great praise from the 
critics, but have never succeeded with the public. He is worth 

138 



James Prior — Continued 

studying, however, for his truthful and highly individual 
impressions of a life that he knows thoroughly well. His 
reputation may outlive those of many successful writers. As 
writing is with him an avocation and he works with great 
care and thoroughness his output is small: 

Don Pedro the Cruel. 1882. (Play.) 
Ripple and Flood. 1897. (Novel.) 
Forest Folk. igoi. (Novel.) 
Hyssop. 1904. (Novel.) 
A Walking Gentleman. 1907. (Novel.) 

Fortuna Chance. 1910. (Historical novel; published in Liv. Age, 272 
('12): 66off. 

Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 1904, 2: 139. Bookm. (Lond.) 53 ('17): 51. 

(Portrait.) 

Richard Pryce — novelist. 

Born at Boulogne, 1864, of English parents (Army people). 
Spent much of his childhood abroad. Educated at Leaming- 
ton. Representative work is: 

Christopher. 191 1. 
David Penstephen. 1913. 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. 37 ('13): 520. Bookm. (Lond.) 41 ('12): 313; 55 

('19): 176. 

Edwin (William) Pugh — novehst, critic. 

Bom 1874, in London, but of Welsh stock. Began to 
earn his living at thirteen. Worked in an iron factory until 
his health broke down; then got a place as city clerk. Studied 
and read at night. Owed his beginning in Hterature to Sarah 
Grand. Critic on the staff of the London Bookman. His 
books deal with the lives of the London poor. Representa- 
tive are: 

Tony Drum. 1898. 

The Cockney at Home. 1914. 

139 



Edwin Pngh— Continued 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. 50 ('20): 164. (portrait); 45 ('14): 326 (por- 

Bookm. (Lond.) 12 ('97): 6; trait); 46 ('14): 183; 50 ('16) 50. 

i6 ('98): 53; 43 ('12): 3; 59 

Sir Arthur (Thomas) Quiller-Couch. 

Born in 1863, in Cornwall, which he introduced into mod- 
em fiction. Educated at Oxford; and lectured there on the 
classics, 1886-87. On the Speaker until 1899. In 189 1 left 
London and has since lived at Fowey, Cornwall. Since his 
appointment to the chair of poetry at Cambridge in 191 2 
he has devoted himseK to criticism. Representative books 
are: 

Troy Town. 1888. 

The Ship of Stars. 1899. 

From a Cornish Window, 1906. 

The Vigil of Venus, and Other Poems. 191 2. 

On the Art of Writing. 1916. 

On the Art of Reading. 1920. 

Studies and Reviews 

Belhnan, 23 ('17): 546 Ind. 95 ('18): 30. (Portrait.) 

Bookm. (Lond.) 2 ('92): i, 13 
(portrait); 58 ('20): 202. 

Amber Reeves (Mrs. Blanco White) — novehst. 

Daughter of a New Zealand cabinet minister. Educated at 
Newnham College, Cambridge. Her novels are: 

The Reward of Virtue. 191 1. 
A Lady and her Husband. 1914. 
Helen in Love. 1916. 

Studies and Reviews 

George. Bookm. (Lond.) 42 ('12): Supp. 

38; SI ('16): 71. (Portrait.) 
140 



Forrest Reid — novelist, critic. 

Born in Belfast, 1876. Educated there and at Cambridge. 
Representative books are: 

W. B. Yeats; a Critical Study. 1915. 
The Spring Song, 1917. (Novel.) 
Pirates of the Spring. 1920. (Novel.) 

Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 1920, i: 338. Nation, no ('20): 304. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 58 ('20): 65. N. Y. Times, 25 ('20): 148. 

(Portrait.) Review, 2 ('20): 310. 

Bost. Trans., Ap. 7, 1920: 4. Springfield Rep. Mar. 21, 1920. 

Everyman, 15 ('20): 540. 

Stephen Reynolds — journalist, novelist. 

Educated at Manchester University. Left the Ecole des 
Mines, Paris, to become sub-editor of an Anglo-French 
Review, 1902. Member of several fishery committees. 
Advisor on Inshore Fisheries and Development Committee 
from 19 13. Died in 1919. Known especially for his expres- 
sion of the views of the working man. 

Bibliography 

Poor Man's House. 1908. 

Holy Mountain. 1909. (Novel.) 

Seems So. 191 1. (A working-class view of politics, in collaboration 

with Bob and Tom WooUey.) 
How 'Twas. 191 2. 
The Lower Deck, the Navy and the Nation. 191 2. 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 35 ('08): 149; Lond. Times, Feb. 21, 1919:97 
37 ('09): 49; 41 ('12): 209 (por- Spec. 109 ('12): 9s; 122 ('19): 358. 
trait); 42 ('12): 204. 

Ernest Rhys — critic, man of letters. 

Born, 1859, in London, but of Welsh stock. Has pubUshed 
editions and studies in English literature and written books 

141 



Ernest Bhys— Continued 

about the Welsh and Wales, besides novels, poems, and plays. 
Edited Everyman^ s Library, 1906-16. His best known original 
work is his poetry. Representative books are; 

Welsh Ballads. 1898. 
The Leaf Burners. 1918. 

Studies and Reviews 
Bookm. (Lond.) 14 ('98): 14 (portrait); 55 ('19): 167. 

Dorothy M. Richardson— novelist. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. After a few pages of the first book, stop and ask your- 
self: What is she trying to do? Also: How does she try to do 
it? 

2. Make two lists with a view to determining: (a) The 
kind of events she tells; (b) the kind of events she omits. 

3. Keep another Hst of page references to things that you 
have observed or thought, which you do not remember to 
have read in any other book. Draw conclusions from these. 

4. Note striking cases of violence done to the EngUsh 
language. 

5. Note inexcusable instances of lack of connection — taking 
it for granted that the reader will supply the gaps. 

6. How far does Miss Richardson describe by enumeration? 
and how far by suggestion? What use does she make of 
sense appeal? 

7. Phrase to yourself as definitely as possible your impres- 
sions of Miriam and then try to trace each to its sources in the 
book. 

8. Does your imagination construct Hving people out of the 
other characters, or do they remain mere bundles of Miriam's 
impressions? 

9. What, if anything, do you think Miss Richardson is 
likely to do to EngHsh literature? 

10. Try to prove to your own satisfaction how much of her 

142 



Dorothy M. "Richaidson— Continued 

work is autobiographical. What quahties could not exist in 

Miriam unless Miss Richardson herself were the same kind of 

person? 

II. Compare her as to method with Joyce (q. v.), with 
Wyndham Lewis (q. v.); and with May Sinclair (q. v.) in 
Mary Olivier. 

Bibliography 

* Pointed Roofs. 1916. 
Backwater. 1916. 
Honeycomb. 1917. 
The Tunnel. 1919. 
Interim. 1919. 
Deadlock. 1920. 
(American ed., all the works have also the general title Pilgrimage.) 

Studies and Reviews 

Johnson, R. Brimley. Lond. Times, July 27, 1916; 358; 

Mais. Oct. 19, 1917; 506; Feb. 14, 

1919; 81; Dec. 19, 1919; 766. 

Ath. 1919, i: 140; 1920, i: 18. Nation, 106 ('18): 656; 109 ('19): 

Bookm. (Lond.) 55 ('19): 206. 720. 

Bost. Trans. July 24, 1918; 6, New Repub. 20 ('19): supp. 14; 26 

Cur. Op. 66 ('19): 387. ('21): 267. (Littell.) 

Dial, 62 ('17): 483; 64 ('18): 451; N. Y. Times, 21 ('16): 577; 25 

67 ('19): 442. ('20): 320. 

Egoist, 5 ('18): 57. (May Sin- Sat. Rev. 122 ('16): 138; 124 

clair.) ('17): 422; 127 ('19): 285. 

Everyman, 15 ('19): 303. Spec. 122 ('19): 330. 

William Pett Ridge — novelist. 

Born near Canterbury and hved in the country until 18S0. 
Then held a civil service position in London, and was nearly 
thirty before he began journaHsm. Used his observations of 
the life of the poor in London for the content of his books. 
Representative books are: 

Mord Em'ly. 1898. 
Nearly Five Million. 1907. 

143 



WUliam Pett 'Ridge— Continued 

Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 1920, 2: 728. No. Amer, 191 (*io): 64. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 9 ('96): 148; (Howells.) 

15 ('98): 55; 48 ('15): 175. (Por- 
trait). 

(S.) Lennox Robinson — dramatist, novelist. 

One of the Cork dramatists in the new Irish drama; mana- 
ger of the Abbey Theatre, DubHn. 

Bibliography 

The Clancy Name. 1909. (Play.) 
The Crossroads. 1909. " 

* Harvest. 1910. " 

The Patriots. 191 2. " 

A Young Man from the South. 191 7. (Novel.) 
The Lost Leader. (Played 1919; about Parnell.) 
The White-headed Boy. 1920. (Comedy.) 
Eight Short Stories. 1920. 

Studies and Reviews 

Boyd (Contemp; Ireland's Lit. Bookm. (Lond.) 52 ('17): 188, 

Ren.) 55 ('19): 196. 

Weygandt. New Statesman, 15 ( '20) : 138, 655. 

George William Russell ("A. E.")— poet, man of letters. 

Bom in North Ireland, in 1867; but has spent most of his 
life in DubHn. Began as an art student. Worked for a time 
as a cashier. Met Yeats at the art school and by him was 
introduced to Sir Horace Plunkett who employed him to 
help organize rural cooperative societies and banks. He 
continued to paint and to write poetry, and his house became 
also one of the chief literary centres in Dublin. He joined 
Hyde, Yeats, and Lady Gregory in fostering the Irish 
Renaissance, and became a strong influence on the younger 
writers. 

His own work shows influence not only from the early lore 
and superstitions of Ireland but also from the Indian mystics. 

144 



George William Russell— Continued 

It is best understood when studied in connection with his 

paintings. Representative books are: 

Collected Poems. 1913. 

Imaginations and Reveries. 191 5, (Criticism.) 

Studies and Reviews 

Boyd (Apprec, Ireland's Lit. Columbia Univ. Quar. 18 (*i6) 

Ren). 332. 

Figgis, Darrell, JE, 1915 [cf. Spec. Dial, 66 ('19): 31. 

115 ('15): 921]. Irish Book Lover, 4 ('12): 20 

Moore, Hail and Farewell (Ave, 5 ('13): 109; 7 ('15): 36. (For 

especially chs. 1-6). trait.) 

Tynan. New Repub. 15 ('18): 172 

Weygandt. (Colum.) 

No. Am. 202 ('15): 251. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 49 ('16): 158. Sewanee Rev. 15 ('07): 148. 

(Binyon.) (Weygandt.) 

" Saki." See Hector Hugh Munro. 

Siegfried (Loraine) Sassoon — poet. 

Born in 1886; educated at Marlborough College and Cam- 
bridge. Served in France and in Palestine, winning the 
MiUtary Cross for courage. For Suggestions for Reading, 
see Robert Graves. 

Bibliography 

The Old Huntsman. 191 7. 

Counterattack. 1918. 

The War Poems of Siegfred Sassoon. 1919. 

Picture-Show. 1920. 

Also in: The Owl. i, 2. 

Georgian Poetry. 1916-17. 

Studies and Reviews 

Mais. Everyman, 15 ('20): 341. 

Nation, no ('20): 855a. 
Bookm. (Lond.) 55 ('18): frontis- New Repub. 22 ('20): 37. 

piece, Christmas Supp. (Por- N. Y. Call, June 20 ('20): 10. 

trait.) N. Y. Times, 25 ('20): 194, 235. 

Bost. Trans., Apr. 24 ('20): 11. Review, 2 ('20): 520. 

145 



Dixon Scott — essayist, critic. 

At the beginning of a promising literary career, he went 
into the War and died at Gallipoli, 191 5. Had been critic 
for the Manchester Guardian. 

Suggestions for Reading 

Comparison of his essays with those of contemporaries who 
have written on the same subjects will give an impression of 
the freshness and vigor with which he attacked each literary 
problem. 

Bibliography 

Men of Letters. 1916. (Introduction by Max Beerbohm.) 

Studies and Reviews 

Waugh. SI ('17): 152; S3 ('17): 94. 

(Portraits.) 
Bookm. (Lond.) 49 ('is): 8s; 

Anne Douglas Sedgwick (Mrs. Basil de Selincourt) — 

novehst. 

Born in the United States in 1873 and lived in and near 
New York until she was nine years old. Since then has lived 
in London and Paris where she studied painting. Among her 
popular books are: 

Tante. 191 2. 

The Third Window. 1920. 

Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 1911, 2: S53- London Times, May 13, 1920:301. 

Atlan. 109 ('12): 682. Nation, 94 ('12): 262. 

Bookm. 34 ('12): 6ss. N. Y. Times, 2s ('20): 292. 

Dial, $2 ('12): 323. New Statesman, is ('20): 137. 

Ind. 72 ('12): 678. (West.) 

George Bernard Shaw— dramatist, essayist. 

Bom 1856, in Dublin, of a family of Enghsh origin. Educa- 
tion irregular; inherited great love of music. Made his first 

146 



George Bernard Shaw — Continued 

appearance in print in a signed letter to Public Opinion, in 
which he declared himself an atheist as a result of having 
heard Moody and Sankey in DubHn. Began his career in 
business, working for the Edison Telephone Company. 
Between 1879 and 1883 wrote all his novels. In 1885 through 
William Archer got work on the reviewing staff of the Pall 
Mall Gazette; then became art critic on the World. Early 
influences were Shelley, Ibsen, Nietzsche, Karl Marx, 
Henry George, and Wagner; and later, Samuel Butler and 
Lamarck. In 1884, became a member of the Fabian Society, 
in which he was associated with Sidney Webb, and for a time, 
later, with H. G. Wells. Musical critic on the Star, 1888-90, 
and dramatic critic on the Saturday Review, 1895-98. Went 
into practical pohtics by becoming borough councillor for 
St. Pancras district, London, 1897-1902. His first play. 
Widower^ s Houses, was finished in 1892. Since then his time 
has been increasingly given to the drama as a means of 
popularizing his ideas. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. The drama with him is never an end in itself, but 
merely a means of expressing ideas related and unrelated 
to the subject in hand. It is therefore to be criticized 
as a report of an argument or a series of arguments, and 
not by the usual laws of the drama, all of which it deliberately 
breaks. 

2. As his plays are meant to be read quite as much as to 
be seen, the stage directions are as important as the speeches, 
and the preface may be more important and longer than 
the play. 

3. As his main purpose is to stimulate thought in his 
reader or audience, both his paradoxes and his humor are 
devoted to that end. *'My way of joking is to tell the truth; 
it is the funniest joke in the world." 

4. As you read each play, note the range of Shaw's de- 
structive criticisms of ideas and institutions; also his con- 
structive suggestions. 

147 



George Bernard ShsLvr— Continued 
Bibliography 



1880-83. (Novels.) 



1891. 



(Plays.) 



The Irrational Knot. 

Love Among the Artists. 

Cashel Byron's Profession. 

An Unsocial Socialist. 

The Quintessence of Ibsenism. 

The Sanity of Art. 1895. 

The Perfect Wagnerite. 1898. 

* Plays, Pleasant and Unpleasant. 1898. 
Fabianism and the Empire. 1900. 
Three Plays for Puritans. 1900. 
The Admirable Bashville. 1901. 

* Man and Superman. 1903. 
John Bull's Other Island. 1904. 
How he Lied to her Husband. 1904. 
Fabianism and the Fiscal Question. 1904. 
Common Sense of Municipal Trading. 1904. 
Major Barbara. 1905. (Play.) 
The Doctor's Dilemma. 1906. (Play.) 
Dramatic Opinions and Essays. 1907. 
Getting Married. 1908. 
The Showing-up of Blanco Posnet. 1909. 
Press Cuttings. 1909. 
The Dark Lady of The Sonnets. 1910. 
Misalliance. 1910. 
Socialism and Superior Brains. 1910. 
A Preface to "Three Plays" by Brieux. 1911. 
Fanny's First Play. 191 1. 

* Androcles and the Lion. 191 2. 
Pygmalion. 191 2. 
Overruled, 1912. 
Great Catherine. 1913. 
The Music Cure. 1914. 
Common Sense about the War. 
O'Flaherty V. C. 1915. 
The Inca of Perusalem. 1915. 
Augustus Does His Bit. 19 16. 
Heartbreak House. 191 7. 
Annajanska. 191 7. 
How to Settle the Irish Question. 
Peace Conference Hints. 1919. 
Back to Methusaleh. 1920. (Cycle of five plays.) 



(Plays.) 



(Plays.) 



1914. 



(Plays.) 



1917. 



148 



George Bernard Shaw— Continued 

Studies and Reviews 



Boyd. 

Burton, Richard: George Bernard 
Shaw, 1916. 

Chesterton, Gilbert: George Ber- 
nard Shaw, 1909. 

Deacon, Renee M.: Bernard Shaw 
as Artist and Philosopher, 1910. 

Duffin, H. C. : The Quintessence of 
Bernard Shaw, 1920. 

Dukes. 

Freeman. 

Harris, Contemporary Portraits. 
Second Series, 1920. 

Howe, P. P.: Bernard Shaw, 1915. 

Huneker, James: Iconoclasts, 1910. 

Jackson, Holbrook: George Ber- 
nard Shaw, 1907. 

McCabe, Joseph: George Bernard 
Shaw, 1914. 

Mencken, H. L.: George Bernard 
Shaw, his Plays, 1905 (out of 
print). 

Palmer, John: George Bernard 
Shaw, 1915. 

Slosson, E. E.: Six Major Pro- 
phets, 191 7. 

Acad. 60 ('01): 127. 

Arena, 32 ('04): 489; 41 ('09): 33. 

Atlan. 99 ( '07) : 553; 103 ( '09) : 227. 

Ath. 1915, i: 524. 

Blackw. 167 ('00): 832. 

Bookm. 34 ('11-12): 418. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 28 ('05): 116; 44 



('13): 239; 45 ('13): 36. (Il- 
lustrated.) 

Contemp. 98 ('10): 680. 

Crit. 37 ('00): 114; 47 ('05): 415; 
51 ('11): 202. 

Cur. Lit. 29 ('00): 14s; 39 Cos): 
551; 45 ('08): 83; 47 ('09): 528. 

Dial, 47 ('09): 208; 48 ('10): 229; 
59 ('15): 210. 

Drama, No. 7 ('12): 78; No. 21 

('16): 133. 
Edin. Rev. 201 ('05): 498. 
Egoist, 3 ('16): 121. 
Eng. Rev. 18 ('14): 136. 
Everyman, 15 ('19): 15. 
Fortn. 85 ('06): S16; 87 ('07): 

1057; 100 ('13): 132; 103 ('15): 

443- 
Forum, 46 ('11): 601; 50 ('13): 205. 
Internat. Jour. Ethics, 18 ('08): 

446. 
Liv.Age, 250 ('06): 437; 281 ('14): 

88. 
Lit. Digest, 50 ('15): 610. 
Nation, 100 ('15): 150, 364, 424. 
New Repub. i ('14): 25; 2 ('15): 

264. 
New Statesman 8 ('17): 568; 

13 ('19): 281. 
N. Y. Times, 24 ('19): 716. 
19th Cent. 62 ('07): 852. 
No. Am. 185 ('07): 293. 
Open Court, 31 ('17): 634. 
Sewanee Rev. 16 ('08): 168. 
Spec. Ill ('13): 814. 



Dora Sigerson Shorter — poet. 

Irish poet. Wife of the editor and critic, Clement Shorter. 
Distress over the suffering of the War hastened her death, 
which occurred in 19 18. 



149 



Dora Sigerson Shotter— Continued 
Suggestions for Reading 

1. How could you tell that Mrs. Shorter was an Irish- 
woman? 

2. What is the outstanding quality in all her poems? What 
other qualities are prominent? 

3. Is her work more valuable for its thought or for its direct 
appeal to the emotions? How is this appeal made? 

Bibliography 

Collected Poems. 1907. 

New Poems, 191 2. 

Madge Lindsay and other poems. 19 13. 

Love of Ireland: poems and ballads. 1916. 

The Sad Years. 1918. 

A Legend of Glendalough and other ballads. 19 19. 

Sixteen Dead Men and other Poems of Easter week. 1919. 

Studies and Reviews 

Mais. Bookm. (Lond.) 51 ('17): 190; 

S3 ('18): 154; 55 ('18): 23. 
Irish Mo. 48 ('20): 100. 

Ethel Sidgwick — novelist. 

Niece of the late Archbishop of Canterbury and cousin of 
A. C, E. F., and Hugh Benson. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. In reading, remember Meredith and Henry James. 
How far is Miss Sidgwick derivative from them? 

2. If you could have but one adjective to describe her 
work, which word should you choose? Consider the follow- 
ing: sophisticated, subtle, delicate, snobbish, well-bred, 
evasive, distinctive, literary. 

Bibliography 

Le Gentleman: an Idyll of the Quarter. 1911. 
Herself. 191 2. 
Promise. 191 2. 
Succession. 1913. 

ISO 



Ethel Sidgwick— Continued 

Plays for Children. 191 3. (The Rose and the Ring, The Goody- 
Witch, The Goose Girl, Boots and the North Wind.) 
Duke Jones. 1914. 
A Lady of Leisure. 19 14. 
The Accolade. 1915. 
Hatchways. 191 6 
Jamesie. 1918. 
Madam. 1920. 

Studies and Reviews 

Johnson, R. Brimley Nation, loi ('15): 497; 107 

C18); 256. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 46 ('14) 163 (por- New Repub. 5 ('15): 179; 16 

trait); 57 ('19): 99- ('18): 112. 

Book News Mo. 36 ('17): 3, 5. N. Y. Times, 20 ('15): 458. 

Cur. Op. 60 ('16): 118. Sat. Rev. 118 ('14): 491. 
Lond. Times, Mar. 15, 1918: 128. 

May Sinclair — novelist. 

Born in Cheshire, educated at Cheltenham College. Began 
with verses and philosophical criticism. First short story, 
1895. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Is her point of view that of the woman, the man, or 
of both? If she succeeds in getting more than one point of 
view, how does she do it? 

2. What is the range and depth of her experience of life? 

3. Does she have the un warped point of view of the greatest 
novelists, or is there always an element of personal emotion 
behind her representations of Hfe? 

4. What are Miss Sinclair's most conspicuous merits? her 
defects? 

5. Where do you place her among women novelists to-day? 
among novelists in general? 

Bibliography 

Nakiketas and other Poems. 
Essays in Verse. 1892. 
Audrey Craven. 1897. 
Mr. and Mrs. Nevil Tyson. 1898. 

151 



May Smclaii— Continued 

Two Sides of a Question. 1901. 
*The Divine Fire. 1904. 
Superseded. 1906. 
The Helpmate. 1907. 
The Judgment of Eve. 1908. 

Kitty Tailleur. 1908. (Amer. ed., Immortal moment.) 
The Creators. 19 10. 
The Flaw in the Crystal. 191 2. 
The Three Brontes. 191 2. 
Feminism. 191 2. 

The Return of the Prodigal and other Stories. 19 14. 
The Combined Maze. 191,3. 

* The Three Sisters. 1914. 

A Journal of Impressions in Belgium. 191 5. 
Tasker Jevons. 1916. (American ed., The Belfry.) 
A Defence of Idealism. 191 7. 
The Tree of Heaven. 19 17. 

* Mary Olivier: A Life. 1919. 
The Romantic. 1920. 

Studies and Reviews 

Cooper. Bost. Trans., Oct. 31, 1914: 8. 

Johnson. Dial, 67 ('19): 441. 

Egoist, 5 ('18): 109. (Bosschere.) 

Ath. 1920, 2: 552. Nation, 109 ('19): 379. 

Bookm. 52 ('20): 246=Bookm. New Repub. 20 ('19): 180; 26 

(Lond.) 59 ('20): 7. (lUus- C21): 272. 

trated.) N. Y. Times, 24 ('19): 445. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 44 ('13): 2. (For- No. Amer. 207 ('18): 284. 

trait.) 

Edith, Osbert, and Sacheverell Sitwell— poets. 

The daughter and sons of Sir George Sitwell. They are 
making themselves a centre for a Cubist type of new verse, 
the organ of which is the anthology Wheels, edited by Edith 
Sitwell, to which various other experiments in verse con- 
tribute. 

Edith Sitwell, who has devoted herself to literature since 
1 9 14, has pubHshed several books: 

The Mother and Other Poems. 1915. 
Clowns' Houses. 1918. 
The Wooden Pegasus. 1920. 

152 



Edith, Osbert, and Sacheverell Sitwell— Continued 

Osbert Sitwell, born in 1892, educated at Eton, served in 
France, 1914-17, has published only one: 

Argonaut and Juggernaut. 1920. 
Edith and Osbert Sitwell together have pubhshed: 
20th Century Harlequinade. 
Sacheverell Sitwell has pubhshed: 
The People's Palace. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Digest the reviews quoted at the end of Wheels (after 
the first volume), and read the poems in their hght. De- 
cide with which (if any) of the reviews you agree and accumu- 
late evidence to estabhsh the position you take. 

2. An interesting experiment in discrimination can be 
carried out by determining the characteristics shared by all 
these poets through their common origin and common theory, 
and those due to their individual gifts. 

3. Make a separate study of content and form in their 
verse. Make a digest of the thought of each; and then a 
study of the imagery and vocabulary. What elements lead 
to the appHcation of the term originahty to this work? 

4. How are these writers inspired by the ideals of the 
Cubist painters? How far do they succeed in what they 
attempt to do? Is it worth while to attempt to do these new 
things? Do you think that this work will have much effect 
upon contemporary verse? 

Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 1920, 1 : 46. Everjonan, 15 ('19): 264; ('20): 

Bookm. (Lond.) 55 ('19): 193 342. 

(portrait); 56 ('19): 20; 57 ('19): Freeman, 2 ('20): 189. 

102. Lit. Digest, 69 ('21): 30. 

Eng. Rev. 31 ('20): 477. Lond. Times, Dec. 30, 1920: 889. 

New Age, 27 ('20): 154. 

153 



John Collis Snaith— novelist. 
Born 1876. Representative books are: 

Broke of Covenden. 1904. 

Araminta. 1909. 

Mrs. Fitz. 19 10. 

The Sailor. 1916. (Supposed to have been suggested by Masefield's 

career.) 
The Coming. 191 7. 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. 44 ('16): 182. Nation, 103 ('16): 351. 

Book News Mo. 35 ('17): i94- N. Y. Times, 21 ('16): 313, 316, 

Bost., Trans. Apr. 9, 1919: 6. 504, 24 ('19): 157. 

Dial, 61 ('16): 195. Outlook, 114 ('16): 615. 

Lond. Times, June 8, 1916: 270. Spec. 123 ('19): 153. 

Edith (Enone Somerville and " Martin Ross " (Violet 

Martin) — novelists. 

Miss Somerville, born in 186 1 and Miss Martin, born in 1865 
and died in 19 15, Irishwomen and cousins, until Miss Martin's 
death worked entirely in collaboration. Their books reflect 
their interest in hunting. Miss Martin was an invaHd. 
Miss Somerville is an artist and was M. F. H. (Master of 
Fox Hounds) from 1903 to 1908. 

It is beheved that Miss Somerville was chiefly responsible 
for the roUicking humor of the stories and Miss Martin for 
their poetic quahties. Representative work is: 

The Real Charlotte. 1894. (Novel 

Some Experiences of an Irish R. M. 1899. (Rollicking short stories of 
hunting.) 

Mount Music. 1920. 

Strayaways. 1920. (Sketches, giving some account of the collabora- 
tion.) 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 50 ('16): 65. Irish Book Lover, 7 ('15): 127. 
(Portraits.) Quar. 219 ('13): 26. 

Charles Hamilton Sorley — poet. 
Bom in 1895 in Aberdeen, of Scotch parentage. His father 

IS4 



Charles Hamilton Sorley— Continued 
was then professor in Aberdeen University, but in 1900 be- 
came professor in Cambridge. Educated at Marlborough 
College, 1908-1913, and then obtained a scholarship at Ox- 
ford. Spent six months in Germany at Mecklenburg, in 
Schwerin, and later at the University of Jena. Captured 
while on a walking tour along the Moselle, but was released. 
Immediately returned to England and appHed for a commis- 
sion. Was sent to France, May, 191 5, and was killed in the 
trenches, October 13, 1915, in Flanders. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Begin with the letters, or the extracts from them at the 
end of Marlborough and Other Poems in order to understand 
how perfectly Sorley's poems reflect, as far as they go, his 
experiences and to what extent they express his characteristic 
attitude toward life. The letters show also what Hterary in- 
fluences worked upon him, and his attitude toward Germany. 

2. Observe the grouping of the poems and the titles of the 
groups, and draw conclusions as to his range of interests. 

3. What aspects of Nature made strongest appeal to 
Sorley? If you can, read what Richard Jefferies and W. H. 
Hudson write about the downs, and compare their attitude 
with Sorley's. See also Robert Graves's poem called "Sor- 
ley's Weather." 

4. What particular merits do you find in Sorley's work? 
Do you think he could have continued to be a poet, had he 
lived? What elements of greatness do you find in his mind 
and character? 

See also Robert Graves. 

Bibliography 

Marlborough and Other Poems. 
The Letters of Charles Sorley. 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 53 ('17): 88. Eng. Rev. 27 ('18): 259. 
(Portrait.) 



John Collings Squire (" Solomon Eagle ") — critic, poet, 

parodist. 

Born at Plymouth, Devonshire, 1884. Educated at Blun- 
dell's school (cf. Lorna Doone) and Cambridge. Began as a 
parodist. Wrote criticisms for the New Statesman (signed 
"Solomon Eagle") and later edited this periodical before 
founding the London Mercury (November, 1919), which he 
now edits. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Either read the criticisms and parodies first and make 
note of your ideas as to the kind of poems he would write; or 
begin with the poems and note from them his probable tastes 
and quaHties as critic. 

2. What is to be said of his subject-matter? Does he or 
does he not hold close to his experience? 

3. What is to be said of his metres? Does the fact that he is 
an extremely skilful parodist have any bearing on your 
theory? 

4. What do you discover that is strikingly beautiful or 
appealing in his verse? 

5. Do you prophecy that he will swing over entirely to 
poetry or to criticism eventually? Why? or why not? 

6. In reading his criticisms, ask yourself what his aim is and 
whether he achieves it. Then ask whether this is a proper 
and sufficient aim for a critic. 

7. Does his humor appeal to you? Analyze your state of 
mind about it. 

Bibliography 

Poems and Baudelaire Flowers. 1909. 

William the Silent. 191 2. 

Imaginary Speeches. 191 2. 

Steps to Parnassus. 1913. 

The Three Hills and Other Poems. 1913. 

Twelve Poems. 19 16. 

The Survival of the Fittest and Other Poems. 19 16. 

The Lily of Malud and Other Poems. 191 7. 

Tricks of the Trade. 191 7. 

Poems. First Series. 19 18. 

156 



John CoUings Squire — Continued 
Books in General. 1918. 
The Gold Tree and Other Studies. 1918. 
The Birds and Other Poems. 1919. 
Books in General: second series. 1920. 
The Moon: A Poem. 1920. 

The Collected Poems of James Elroy Flecker, Edited with an Intro- 
duction. 19 1 6. 
Also in: Cambridge Poets. 

Georgian Poetry. 19 16-17. 

Studies and Reviews 

Waugh. Dial, 70 ('21): 476. 

Freeman, 2 ('20): 284. 

Ath. 1920, 2: 169. Lond. Times, June, 29, 1917: 

Bookm. (Lond.) 52 ('17): 178; 311; Dec. 28, 1917: 646; Aug. i, 

55 ('18): 47 (portrait); 58 ('20): 1919: 409. 

194. (Portrait.) Nation, 120 ('21): 438. 

Chapbook, 2 ('20), no. 8, p. 7. Spec. 118 ('17): 138. 

James Starkey (" Seumas O^Sullivan ")— poet. 

Born in Dublin in 1879. His poems first appeared in New 
Songs, edited by A. E. Representative books are: 

The Twilight People. 1905. 

The Earth Lover. 1909. 

Poems. 191 2. 

Mud and Puiple. 1918. 

The Rosses and Other Poems. 1918. 



Studies and Reviews 

Boyd. (Ireland's Lit. Ren.) Bibelot, 16 ('10): 382. Preface by 

Phelps. (EngHsh Poetry.) A. E. 

Russell. Bookm. (Lond.) 53 ('18): 158. 

Weygandt. 

Flora Annie Steel — novelist. 

Bom at Harrow, in 1847. Married a man in the Bengal 
Civil Service, 1867, and lived in India until 1889. Was much 
interested in native schools and education. Is known princi- 

157 



Flora Annie Steel— Continued 

pally for her understanding of native Indian life. Represen- 
tative books are: 

The Potter's Thumb. 1894. 

On the Face of the Waters. 1896, 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 3 ('93): 178; 18 ('00): 124 (portrait); 53 

('17): 53. (Portrait.) 

James Stephens— poet, novelist. 

Born in Ireland, 1882. Discovered by A. E. (G. W. 
Russell, q. v.) working as a typist in a lawyer's ofl&ce in 
Dublin, and supporting a wife and child on twenty-six shil- 
lings a week. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Begin with The Crock of Gold, and note everything that 
strikes you as interesting or peculiar, in content and in style. 

2. What qualities does Stephens show, good and bad, as 
story-teller? 

3. Then read some of his poems, and observe whether or 
not they show the qualities found in The Crock of Gold. 

4. If you were told that Stephens had more of the quahty 
of "Irish Magic" than any other Irishman writing to-day, 
on what qualities should you think that statement was 
based? 

5. What are Stephens's limitations? Are they likely to 
prevent him from becoming a very great writer? 

Bibliography 

Insurrections. 1909. 
*The Crock of Gold. 1912. (Story.) 

The Charwoman's Daughter. 191 2. (Novel.) 

The Hill of Vision. 191 2. 

Here are Ladies. (Stories.) 
* Songs from the Clay. 1914. 

The Demi-gods. 19 14. 

158 



James Stephens— Continued 

The Adventures of Seumas Beg. 1915. 

The Rocky Road to Dublm. 1915. 

Green Branches. 1916. 

Reincarnations. 191 7. 

Irish Fairy Tales. 1920. 

Also in: Georgian Poetry. 1911-12; 1913-15 

Studies and Reviews 

Boyd. (Ireland's Lit. Ren.) Book News Mo. 36 ('17): 80. 

Braithwaite. Columbia U. Q. 18 ('16): 332. 

Moore, Hail and Farewell (espe- Forum, 50 ('13): 560. 

dally Vale, 25iff.) Irish Book Lover, 15 ('13): 123. 

Phelps. (EngUsh Poetry.) (Portrait.) 

Russell. Liv. Age, 265 ('10): 487 = 19th 

Sturgeon. Cent. 67 ('10): 68. 

New Repub. 2 ('15): Apr. 17, p. 4. 

Bookm. 39 ('14): 493; 41 ('is): 20. 19th Cent. 67 ('10): 68. (Stephen 

Bookm. (Lond.) 42 ('12): 52; 48 Gwynne.) 

('15): 5. (Portraits.) 

G. B. Stem (Mrs. Geoffrey Lisle Holdsworth) — novelist. 

Bibliography 

Pantomime. 19 14. 

See-Saw. 19 14. 

Twos and Threes. 1916. 

Grand Chain. 191 7. 

A Marrying Man. 1918. 

Children of No Man's Land. 1919. (Amer, ed., Debatable Ground.) 

Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 1920, 2: 472. Everyman, 15 ('20): 322. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 45 ('14): 318; 46 New Statesman, 16 ('20): 50. 
('14): 3. (Portrait.) (West.) 

" George Stevenson " — novelist. 

A woman, born in 1875. Her books are: 

A Little World Apart. 1916. 
Benjy. 19 19. 

159 



" George Stevenson " — Continued 

Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 1919, 2: 1371. New Statesman, 8 (116): 498. 

Bost. Trans., May 19, 1920: 4. N. Y. Times, 22 ('17): 126. 

Lond. Times, ^eb. i, 191 7: 56. Sat. Rev, 129 ('20): 234. 

Alfred Sutro — dramatist. 

Born in 1863. Educated at City of London School and in 
Brussels. One of the clever dramatists of the old school. 
Representative plays are: 

The Walls of Jericho. 1904. (Unpublished.) 
Five Little Plays. 191 2. 

Studies and Reviews 

Nation, 96 ('13): 213. N. Y, Times, 17 ('12): 569. 

Frank (Arthur) Swinnerton— novelist, critic. 

Born 1884 in London. Began life as an office boy, strug- 
gling for years with poverty and illness. His first novel was 
finished at the age of 18 when he was working for a publishing 
house. He is seK-educated and without inherited cultural 
background. His first novels (especially The Chaste Wife 
and On the Staircase) seem to contain autobiographical matter. 
He became adviser to Chatto and Windus, and critic on the 
Manchester Guardian. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Note the narrow Hmits of the material that Swinnerton 
uses. What do you think determines them? 

2. What is he trying to do? Why do you think so? How 
do you support your opinion? 

3. Is his work colored or gray? positive or negative? realis- 
tic or romantic? Does it deal with types and masses of 
life, or with individual lives? 

4. Read what Wells and Bennett have written about Noc- 
turne (cf. Bibliography) and convince yourself whether or 

160 



Frank Swinnerton— Continued 

not they are right. How does Swinnerton's work contrast 

strongly with that of each of them? 

5. Attempt to criticize Swinnerton in terms of qualities 
that are not found in his work. What conspicuous defects 
and merits does it lack? 

Bibliography 

The Merry Heart. 1909. 
The Young Idea. 1910. 
The Casement. 191 1. 
The Happy Family. 191 2. 
George Gissing: A critical study. 191 2. 
On the Staircase. 1914. 
R. L. Stevenson: A critical study. 1914. 
The Chaste Wife. 1916. 
* Nocturne. 191 7. 
Shops and Houses. 19 18. 
Coquette. 192 1. 

♦The Art of the Novel. [Bookm. 50 ('20): 411.I 

Studies and Reviews 

Bennett, Wells, Overton. Frank 184; 53 ('18): 175; 57 ('19): 96, 



1917: 



Bookm. (Lond.) 39 Cio): 57 (por- New Statesman, 9 ('17): 330. 
trait); 51 ('16): 28,30; 52 ('17): N. Y. Times, 23 ('18): 229. 

Arthur Symons — critic, poet. 

Born in 1865 in Cornwall. Revolt against a religious up- 
bringing drove him to the extreme expression of theories of 
freedom in artistic expression. Notably artistic in tem- 
perament, and developed under the influence of modem 
French literature, especially the work of the French Symbo- 
list school. Representative books are: 

Silhouettes, 1892. 
London Nights. 1895. 

161 



Swinnerton. Personal sketches. 
1920. 

Mais. 


97, 98. 
Dial, 6s ('18): 22. 
Lond. Times, June 29, 


Ath. 1918, 2: 416. 
Bookm. 47 ('18): 252; 567. 


310. 
Nation, 106 ('18): 627. 
New Repub. 16 ('18): 320. 



Arthur Symons— Continued 

* The Symbolist Movement in Literature. 1899. 

Collected Poems. 1901. 

Studies in Prose and Verse. 1904. 

Spiritual Adventures. 1905. (Short stories.) 

Studies in Seven Arts. 1906. 

Cities and Sea Coasts and Islands. 1918. 

Studies and Reviews 

Archer. Bookm. (Lond.) 31 ('07): 201, 224 
Jackson. (The Eighteen Nineties.) (portrait); 55 ('18): 53. 

Moore, Hail and Farewell (Ave.) Fortn. 90 ('08): 127' 

Waugh. New Repub. 13 ('17): Supp. 10; 

20 ('19): 62. 

Ath. 1905, i: 487. N. Y. Times, 24 ('19): 461. 
Bookm. 48 ('19): 555 ; 51 ('20): 
239- 

Edward Thomas (" Edward Eastaway ")— poet, critic. 

Born in 1878, son of a Positivist writer in the civil service. 
Educated at St. Paul's School, London, and at Oxford. 
Early associated with Belloc and Chesterton. Gave his time 
chiefly to critical work, including several volumes of biog- 
raphy. Later pubHshed his poems under the pen name 
given above. 

Served in the War and was killed in action, 1917. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Look for an extremely personal experience underlying 
most of the poems. Observe how it is freshly reaUzed without 
the interference of literary convention. 

2. Consider the question whether or not Thomas's poems 
were an escape from his critical work or merely the emo- 
tional expression of what is intellectually phrased in his 
criticisms. 

3. Observe as you read what a clearly defined personality 
stands out from the poems. An interesting study of Thomas's 
character could be based upon them alone. 

4. Study the adaptation of the metres to the ideas, and 
form a judgment as to the author's skill. 

162 



Edward Thomas— Continued 

5. Consider the use and omission of ornament. Do all the 
lines contribute to the impression or are some added for their 
own sensuous beauty? 

6. Consider the diction. Is it poetic? is it prosaic? is it 
the language of everyday life? What is it? 

7. Note the recurring ideas and construct from them 
Thomas's philosophy. 

Bibliography 

The Woodland Life. 1897. 
Pocket-Book of Songs. 
Poems for the Open Air. 

* Horae Solitariae. 1902. 
Oxford. 1903. 

Rose Acre Papers. 1904. 

Beautiful Wales. 1905. 

The Heart of England. 1906. 

The South Country. 1909. 

Windsor Castle. 1910. 

Rest and Unrest. 1910. 

Feminine Influence on the Poets. 1910. 

The Hill and the Vale. 

Light and Twilight. 191 1. 

The Isle of Wight. 191 1. 

Maurice Maeterlinck. 191 1. 

Celtic Stories. 191 1. 

Norse Tales. 191 2. 

The Tenth Muse. 191 2. (With Memoir by John Freeman.) 

The Icknield Way. 19 13. 

The Happy-go-Lucky Morgans. 19 13. 

The Country. 19 13. 

In Pursuit of Spring, 1914. 

Four and Twenty Blackbirds. 1915. 

* Poems. 191 7. 

A Literary Pilgrim in England. 191 7. 

* Last Poems. 1918. 

* Collected Poems. 1920. (With preface by De la Mare.) 

For full bibliography to 1920, cf. Lond. Mercury, 2 ('20): 740. 

163 



Edward Thomas— Continued 

Studies and Reviews 

Adcock, St. J. For Remem- Eng. Rev. 24 ('17): 525; 27 ('18): 

brance. 1918. 102. 

Haynes, E. S. P. Personalia. Lond. Mercury, 2 ('20): 434. 

1918. Lond. Times, Oct. 19, 191 7: 502; 

Jan. 3, 1919: 7; Sept. 23, 1920: 
Ath. 1920, 2; 405. 614. 

Bookm, (Lond.) 31 ('07): 224 Nation (Lond.) 28 ('20): 200. 

(portrait); 52 ('17): 34, 97; 53 New Statesman, 9 ('17): 65; 10 

('17): 85, 90, 93; 56 ('19): 22. ('17): 133; 15 ('20): 673. 

Dial, 63 ('17): 631; 64 ('18): 135. No. Am. 209 ('19): 263. (Unter- 

meyer.) 

Edward Temple Thurston — novelist. 
Irishman, born in 1879. Representative books are: 

The City of Beautiful Nonsense. 1909. 
Sheepskins and Grey Russet. 1920. 
The Green Bough. 192 1. 



Studies and Reviews 

Acad. 87 ('14): 106. Bookm. (Lond.) 42 ('12): 103. 

(Portrait.) 



H. M. Tomlinson— essayist. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Analyze the elements in the material and handling that 
make Tomlinson 's work interesting. 

2. Compare his treatment of the sea and the jungle with 
William Beebe's; with Conrad's (q. v.). 



Sea and Jungle. 19 13. 
Old Junk. 1918. 
London River. 1920. 



Bibliography 



164 



H. M. Tomlinson— Continued 

Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 1919, i: 205. Nation and Ath. 28 ('21): 823. 

Bookm. 51 ('20): 474. New Repub. 19 ('19): 332. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 43 ('12): 136. N. Y. Times, 18 ('13): i6i. 

(Portrait.) Outlook, 103 ('13): 823. 

Best. Trans. Mar. 22, 1913; 6; Sat. Rev. 115 ('13): 85. 

Mar. 3, 1920; 6. Spec, no (.'13): 619. 
Lond. Times, Apr. 4, 1919; 181; 

Mar. 3, 1921: 137. 

Herbert Trench — poet, dramatist. 

Born in Ireland, 1865. Educated at Oxford. Has been 
examiner for the Board of Education. Travelled widely in 
Europe, Asia, and Africa. Was director of the Haymarket 
Theatre, London. Retired in 1908. Representative books 
are: 

Poems, with Fables in Prose. 1918. 
Napoleon. (Play.) 1919. 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. 51 ('20): 94. trait); 54 ('18): 85; (portrait); 

Bookm. (Lond.) 3$ ('07): 135 55 ('19): 180 (portrait); 56 

(De la Mare); 38 ('10): 3 (por- ('19): 201. 

" John Trevena." See Ernest George Henham. 

W. J. Turner— poet. 
Bom in 1889. Noteworthy for his unusual themes. 

Bibliography 

The Hunter. 19 16. 

The Dark Fire. 1918. 

The Dark Wind. 1920. 

Also in: Georgian Poetry. 19 16-17. 

The Owl. Nos. i and 2. 1919. 

Studies and Reviews 

Mais. Bookm. 51 ('20): 456. 

165 



Katherine Tynan (Mrs. Hinkson) — poet, novelist, critic. 

One of the leaders of the Irish Renaissance movement, 
about which she has written in her Twenty-Five Years. 
Reviews Irish literature for the London Bookman, Repre- 
sentative books are: 

Irish Love-Songs. 1892. 

Paradise Farm. 191 2. (Novel.) 

Twenty-Five Years: Reminiscences. 1913. 

Irish Poems. 19 14. 

Flower of Youth. 1915. (Poems.) 

Middle Years. 191 7. (Reminiscences.) 

Herb o' Grace. 1918. (Poems.) 

Years of the Shadow. 1919. (Reminiscences.) 



Studies and Reviews 

Boyd. (Contemp.) ('10): 90; 56 ('19): 172. (Por- 

Weygandt. traits.) 

Cath. World, 97 ('13): 208. 
Ath. 1902, i: 331; 1920, 2: 587. Nation, 94 ('12): 235. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 6 ('94): 20; N. Y. Times, 17 ('12): 82. 
14 ('98): 134; 27 ('05): 178; 38 Outlook, 100 ('12): 699. 



Evelyn Underbill (Mrs. Stuart Moore) — poet, novehst. 

Born in 1875. Has written authoritative books on mysti- 
cism. 



Bibliography 



Mysticism. 191 1. 
The Mystic Way. 1913. 
Immanence; a book of verses. 1914. 
Mysticism and War. 19 15. 
Practical Mysticism. 19 15. 
Theophanies; a book of Verse. 191 7. 



Studies and Reviews 

Lond. Times, Oct. 19, 1916:499. R. of Rs.'si ('15): 505; 55 ('17): 

Nation, 100 ('15): 659. 436. 

N. Y. Times, 22 ('17): 241. Spec. 114 ('15): 336. 

Quar. 220 ('14): 220. 

166 



Horace Annesley Vachell — novelist, dramatist. 

Born in Essex, 1863. Educated at Harrow and Sandhurst. 
Entered the army, but resigned and came to America to shoot 
buffaloes; remained as a rancher in California for seventeen 
years. 

His early work shows the influence of Bret Harte; and all 
his best work deals with action and open air life. The scenes 
of his books are, California, Brittany, southern England 
(Hampshire and Sussex) and London. He has written 
successful plays as well as novels: 

The HiU. 1905. (Novel.) 
The Face of Clay. 1906. (Novel.) 
Quinney's. 1914. (Play.) 
Searchlights. 1915. (Play.) 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. 44 ('16): 49. Bookm. (Lond.) 50 ('16): 67 = 

Liv. Age, 290 ('16): 476. 

Samuel Waddell (** Rutherford Mayne ")— dramatist. 
Ulster dramatist, born in 1878: 

The Turn of the Road. 1907. 
The Troth. 1909. 
The Drone. 1909. 

Studies and Reviews 

Boyd (Contemp.; Lit. Ren.) Bookm. (Lond.) 42 ('12): 38. 

Weygandt. (Portrait.) 

Hugh (Seymour) Walpole— novelist. 

Born in 1884, in New Zealand. Sent home to England as 
a child and became familiar with Cornwall, where his father 
had been a tutor, 1877-82. Educated at King's School, Can- 
terbury, and at Cambridge. His father later became bishop 
of Edinburgh. Tutor and book reviewer before he began 
to write novels. Served with the Russian Red Cross in the 
Carpathians during the War. 

167 



Hugh Walpole— Continued 
Suggestions for Reading 

1. What facts can you find to suggest Walpole's literary- 
ambitions? 

2. What is the scope of his material? the range of his 
characters? What part does Cornwall play in his work? 
Do you find any difference in the quahty of his Cornish work 
and that in which different backgrounds are used? 

3. Gather evidence to show that Walpole's work is color 
photography rather than painting of life. What defect does 
this distinction hint at? Is the distinction unjust? 

4. What literary influences do you observe in Walpole's 
work? What elements of originality? 

5. What experiments in plot has he made? Which of them 
do you find successful? 

6. Compare his treatment of Cambridge {A Prelude to 
Adventure) with Mackenzie's treatment of Oxford (Sinister 
Street). 

7. Study especially his use of the catalogue for purposes of 
description. Note what other novelists employ this device 
and compare their results with Walpole's. 

8. Compare his use of symbolism with Conrad's and Gals- 
worthy's. 

Bibliography 

The Wooden Horse. 1909. 
Maradick at Forty. 19 10. 
*Mr. Perrin and Mr. Traill. 191 1. (American ed., The Gods and 
Mr. Perrin.) 
The Prelude to Adventure. 191 2. 
Fortitude. 19 13. 
The Duchess of Wrexe. 19 14. 
The Golden Scarecrow. 1915. 

* The Dark Forest. 1916. 
Joseph Conrad. 1916. (Study.) 

* The Green Mirror. 1918. 
Jeremy. 1919. 

The Secret City. 19 19. (Sequel to The Dark Forest.) 
The Captives: a Novel in Four Parts. 1920. 

168 



Hugh Walpole— Continued 

Studies and Reviews 



Cunliffe. 

George. 

Goldring. 

Hergesheimer, Joseph Hugh Wal- 

pole, 1920. 
James. 

Bookm. 49 ('19): 193. 



Bookm. (Lond.) 49 ('15): 59; 

52 ('17): 136; 56 ('19): 6; 

57 ('19): 96. (Portraits.) 
Egoist, 6 ('19): 10. 
Ind. 83 ('15): 297. 
Liv. Age, 295 ('17): 411. 
No. Am. 198 ('13): 80. 



Sir William Watson. 

Born in Yorkshire in 1858. A poet of the school of Words- 
worth and Tennyson, much talked of for laureate at the 
death of Alfred Austin. Representative volumes are: 

Wordsworth's Grave. 1890. 
The Hope of the World. 1897. 
Collected Poems. 1906. (Two vols.) 
The Man Who Saw. 1917. 



Studies and Reviews 



Archer. 

Collins. 

Figgis. 

Gates, E. G. Studies and Appre- 
ciations; Three Lyrical Modes. 
1900. 

Miles. 

Acad. 43 ('93): 430; SI ('97): 44; 

52 ('97): 541. 
Atlan. 107 ('11): 267. 
Bookm. 2 ('95): 182. 



Bookm. (Lond.) 48 ('15): 7. (Il- 
lustrated.) 
Contemp. 84 ('00): 904. 
Edin. R. 198 ('03): 489. 
Fortn. 80 ('03): 761. 
Lit. Digest, 44 ('12): 811. 
Liv. Age, 239 ('03): 668. 
Lond. Times, July 27, 1917: 354. 
Quar. 224 ('15): 395. 
Sewanee Rev. 8 ('00): 365. 
Spec. 118 ('17): 613. ^ 

Westm. R. 160 ('03): 569. 



Alec Waugh— novelist. 

Son of Arthur Waugh, critic and managing director of the 
pubHshing firm of Chapman and Hall. Educated at Sher- 
borne College and at Sandhurst. Served in the War. His 
story of school life, which made an instant success for its 
arraignment of conditions there, was written when he was 

169 



Alec Waugh— Continued 

seventeen. See Seccombe's introduction to The Loom of 

Youth. 

Bibliography 

The Loom of Youth. 191 7. 
The Prisoners of Mainz. 1919. 
Pleasure. 1920. (Short stories.) 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 52 ('17): 132. New Repub. 23 ('20): 94. 

(Portrait.) N. Y. Eve. Post, Apr. 24, 1920: 2. 

Cath. World, no ('19): in. N. Y. Times, 25 ('20): 220. 

Lond. Times, Apr. 28, 1921; 275. Sat. Rev. 127 ('19): 328. 

Nation, 109 ('19): 772; no ('20): Springfield Repub., June 20, 1920: 

625. iia; Sept. 23, 1919: 10. 

(Mrs.) Mary Webb (Mary Gladys Meredith)— novelist. 
Born in 1883. Her Welsh stories make a good balance for 
those of Caradoc Evans. Representative books are: 

The Golden Arrow. 1916. 

Gone to Earth. 19 17. 

The House in Dormer Forest. 1920. 

Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 1917: 472. N. Y. Times, 22 ('17): 183; 
Dial, 63 ('17): 220; 444. 318. 

Lond. Times, Sept. 7, 191 6; 428; Spec. 119 ('17): 300. 
Aug. 30, 1917: 416. 

Sir Frederick Wedmore — short-story writer, novelist. 

Born in 1844. Etcher and art critic of the Standard (Lon- 
don). Died in 192 1. 

Suggestions for Reading 

I. His work is entirely amateur, done to please himself and 
without reference to audience or commercial success, to con- 
ventional technique of structure or conventional principles of 
style. Consequently, it is most successful in brief stories 

170 



Sir Frederick Wedmore—Continued 

and sketches, which are in words what colored etchings are 

in graphic art. Study each story as if it were an artist's 

sketch, for details of composition, color, scheme, drawing, 

etc. 

2. What are Wedmore's limitations? What elements of 
permanent value do you find in his work? 

Bibliography 

Pastorals of France. 1877. 1 
Renunciations. 1893. [ (Short stories.) 

English Episodes. 1894. J 
* Orgeas and Miradou, with other short stories and imaginative pieces. 

1896. 
On Books and Arts. 1899. 
The Collapse of the Penitent. 1900. (Novel.) 
Pages Assembled; a Selection from the Writings, Imaginative and 

Critical, of Frederick Wedmote. 1913. 
Brenda Walks On. 1916. (Novel.) 

Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 1911, 2: 632; 1912, 2: 244. Lit. Digest, 46 ('13): 352. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 50 ('16): 88. N. Y. Times, 17 ('12): 787. 

Bost. Trans., Dec. 18, 191 2: 26. Spec. 109 ('12): supp. 680. 
Dial, 52 ('12): 460; 54 ('13): 62. 

Herbert George Wells — novelist, propagandist. 

Born in 1866 at Bromley, a suburb of London. His father 
was a small shopkeeper who had been a famous cricketer, and 
his mother an innkeeper's daughter, who had been a lady's 
maid and who as a widow became a housekeeper. Wells 
educated himself largely. For a time was a salesman in 
drapers' establishments in different places. At sixteen was 
assistant master at Midhurst Grammar School. Obtained a 
scholarship at the Normal School of Science, at South Ken- 
sington, and later taught science until his health broke down. 
He took to journaHsm in 1893 and since then has given his 
entire time to writing. The autobiographical element is 
marked in his novels, particularly in The Wheels of Chance, 

171 



Herbert George Wells— Continued 

Kipps, Love and Mr, Leivisham, The History of Mr. Polly^ 

and Tono-Bungay; also in Mr. Britling Sees it Through. 

Suggestions for Reading 

1. Observe the threefold character of his fiction: 

(i) Scientific romance (wide-ranging speculation on a 
scientific basis). 

(2) Realistic novels (conventional in ty^G^ but drawn 
largely from the author's experience; therefore fresh and 
true). 

(3) Sociological (political, pedagogical, and religious) 
novels (the plot serving merely as a series of pegs on which 
the author's ideas on these subjects are hung). As you 
read a book, classify it under one of these heads and judge it 
in accordance with its type and purpose. To get a fair idea 
of Wells's powers, read at least one book of each type. 

2. What striking qualities of mind appear in all Wells's 
work? Illustrate each. 

3. What is Wells's attitude toward the world and society, 
and his own relation to them? The ideas scattered through 
the fiction can be found concentrated in essay form (cf. 
Bibliography). 

4. Is it fair to call Mr. Wells a journaHst? a great journal- 
ist? to say that in journaHsm he has found his true medium? 
to say that in introducing journalistic methods into the novel 
he has hurt the novel as an art form? 

5. Is it fair to say that he is always the hero of his novels? 
What characteristics as a novehst does such an admission 
involve? 

6. Regarded not as a medium for spreading and populariz- 
ing scientific and philosophical ideas, but as a contribution to 
literature, what are the conspicuous merits and defects of 
Wells's work? 

7. Wells's vocabulary makes an interesting study. To get 
results, sit between a large dictionary and The History of 
Mr. Polly. 

8. Is Wells a great originator of ideas, a skilful artist, 

172 



Herbert George Wells— Continued 

or a powerful transmitter of the popular thought currents of 

his time? Place him among his contemporaries. 

Bibliography 

Select Conversations with an Uncle. 1895. 
The Time Machine: An Invention. 1895. 

* The Stolen Bacillus and Other Stories. 1895. 
The Wonderful Visit. 1895. (Romance.) 

The Island of Doctor Moreau. 1896. (Romance.) 

The Wheels of Chance: a Holiday Adventure. 1896. 

The Plattner Story. 1897. (Short stories.) 

The Invisible Man. 1897. (Romance.) 

The War of the Worlds. 1898. (Romance.) 

When the Sleeper Wakes. 1899. (Romance; revised ed., The Sleeper 

Awakes. 191 1.) 
Tales of Space and Time. 1899. 

* Love and Mr. Lewisham. 1900. (Novel.) 
Certain Personal Matters. 1901. 

Anticipations of the Reaction of Mechanical and Scientific Progress 

upon Human Life and Thought. 1901. 
The First Men in the Moon. 1901. (Romance.) 
The Discovery of the Future. 1902. (Lecture given at the Royal 

Institute.) 
The Sea Lady: A Tissue of Moonshine. 1902. 
Mankind in the Making. 1903. 
Twelve Stories and a Dream. 1903. 

The Food of the Gods and How it Came to Earth. 1904. (Romance.) 
A Modern Utopia. 1905. 
Kipps: The Story of a Simple Soul. 1905. (Novel.) 

* In the Days of the Comet. 1906. (Romance.) 

The Future in America: A Search after Realities. 1906. 

* First and Last Things: A Confession of Faith and Rule of Life. 1907. 
The Misery of Boots. 1907. (Fabian tract.) 

Socialism and Marriage. 1908. (Socialism and the Family.) 
New Worlds for Old. 1908 (Social studies.) 
The War in the Air. 1908. (Romance.) 

* Tono-Bungay. 1909. (Novel.) 

Ann Veronica; A Modern Love Story. 1909. 

* The History of Mr. Polly. 1910. (Novel.) 

* The New Machiavelli. 1910. (Novel.) 

The Country of the Blind and Other Stories. 191 1. 

Floor Games. 191 1. (Book about play for children.) 

Socialism and the Great State. 191 1. (Contribution by H. G. Wells.) 

Marriage. 1912. (Novel.) 

173 



Herbert George Wells— Continued 

The Passionate Friends. 1913. (Novel.) 
Little Wars. 19 13. (Book about play for children.) 
An Enghshman Looks at the World. 1914. 
The World Set Free: A Story of Mankind. 1914. 
The Wife of Sir Isaac Harman. 19 14. (Novel.) 
The War that Will End War. 1914. (War pamphlet.) 
The Peace of the World. 1915. (War pamphlet.) 
Boon: The Mind of the Race. 1915. (A satire, by "Reginald Bliss.") 
Bealby. 191 5. (Novel.) 
The Research Magnificent. 1915. (Novel.) 
What is Coming? 191 6. 
* Mr. Britling Sees it Through. 1916. (Novel.) 
The Elements of Reconstruction. 1916. (By "D. P.") 
War and the Future. 191 7. 
God, the Invisible King. 191 7. 
The Soul of a Bishop. 191 7. (Novel.) 
In the Fourth Year. 1918. (League of Nations.) 
Joan and Peter. 19 18. (Novel.) 
The Undying Fire. 19 19. (Novel.) 
Outlines of History. 1920. 
The Salvaging of Civilization. 19 21. 

Studies and Reviews 



Beresford, J. D. H. G. Wells. 1915. 
(Writers of the Day.) 

Brooks, Van Wyck. The World of 
H. G. Wells. 1915. 

Chandler, L. J. H. G. Wells: a 
study of literary phases and 
forms. (Typwritten, U. of C. 
Library.) 

Cunliffe. 

Freeman. 

Goldring. 

Jackson, H. Romance and Real- 
ity. 191 1. 

Kennedy. 

Scott. 

Slosson, E. E. Six Major Pro- 
phets. 191 7. 

Sturgeon. 

Williams. 

Acad. 86 ('14): 551. 



Bookm. 43 ('16): 507; 45 ('17): 

461. 
Bookm. (Lond.) 56 ('19): 135; 

59 ('20): 10. 
Cent. 94 ('17): 831. 
Dublin Rev. 166 ('20): 182. 
Ind. 76('i3):348. 
Lond. Mercury, 2 ('20): 43. 

(Belloc.) 
Lond. Quar. 124 ('15): 119; 

128 ('17): 48. 
Monist, 28 ('18): 604. 
Liv. Age, 282 ('14): 392; 286 

C15): 281. 
No. Am. 198 ('15): 718. 
N. Y. Times, 25 ('20): i. 
Revue des deux Mondes, 36 ('16): 

457; 41 ('17): 445- 
Sat. Rev. 123 ('17): supp. May 19, 

p. 3; 128 ('19): 556. 



174 



" Rebecca West." See Cecily Fairfield. 

Anna Wickham — poet. 

She is attracting attention by her individual expression of 
the woman's point of view. 

The Contemplative Quarry. 19 21. 
The Man with a Hammer. 1921. 

Other volumes expected soon are: 

The Noiseless Propeller. 
The Little Old House. 

Cf. New Repub, 26 ('21): 269. 

Mary Patricia Willcocks — novelist, critic. 

College woman. Writes about the West of England 
especially. Representative books are: 

Widdicombe. 1905, 
The Wingless Victory. 1907. 
A Man of Genius. 1908. 
The Eyes of the Blind. 19 17. 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 34 ('08): 156 nerton); 56 ('19): 154. (Por- 

(portrait); 52 ('17): 23 (Swin- trait.) 

(Mrs.) Margaret Louise Woods — ^poet, dramatist. 

Born in 1856. Widow of a distinguished man who was 
president of Trinity College, Oxford, 1887-97 and Master of 
the Temple (1904-15) when he died. 

Bibliography 

Collected Poems. 1913. 

Studies and Reviews 

Sturgeon. no (portrait); 40 ('11): 153. 

(Portrait.) 
Bookm. 40 ('14): 205. Nation, 98 ('14): 523. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 32 ('07): 78, Sat. Rev. 117 ('14): 177. 

Spec. 112 ('14): 307. 

175 



(Mrs.) Virginia Woolf — novelist. 
Daughter of Sir Leslie Stephen. 

The Voyage Out, 191 5. 
Night and Day. 1920. 
Monday or Tuesday. 19 21. (Short stories.) 

Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 57 ('20): 133. Everyman, 15 ('19): 114. 

('Portrait.) Lond. Times, Apr. 7, 1921: 334. 

Cur. Op. 68 ('20): 93. New Repub. 22 ('20): 320. 

William Butler Yeats— poet, dramatist. 

Born in 1865, in Shgo, the wildest part of western Ireland. 
His father and brother were artists, and he began to study 
art. From boyhood he was famihar with Irish folklore and 
legend surviving among the peasantry, and read much of this 
in ancient literature. 

Was one of the originators of the Irish Renaissance. Says 
of himself, Lionel Johnson, and Katherine Tynan, "We 
sought to make a more subtle rhythm, a more organic form, 
than that of the older Irish poets who wrote in English, but 
always to remember certain ardent ideas and a high attitude 
of mind which were the nation itself to our behef , so far as a 
nation can be summarized in the intellect." Worked with 
Douglas Hyde (q. v.). Lady Gregory (q. v.), Edward Martyn, 
George Moore (q. v.), "A. E." and John Millington Synge, 
to revive literature in the ancient Irish language, and to make 
known to English-speaking people the treasures already exist- 
ing in that language. 

After the influence of the early Irish Hterature, he came 
under the influences of Blake, of Shelley, and of the French 
Symbohsts, especially Maeterlinck, and later for a time of 
Ibsen (cf. especially Where There is Nothing). With Lady 
Gregory founded the Irish National Theatre, which de- 
veloped later into the Abbey Theatre. Although he cannot 
tell one tune from another, he has devised his own method 
of chanting verse to the accompaniment of the Irish harp. 

176 



William Butler Yesds— Continued 
Suggestions por Reading 

1. Mr. Yeats is a poet upon whom many influences have 
been at work. Make notes recording your observations as to 
traces of the following in his work: (i) old Irish folklore; 
(2) Blake; (3) Maeterlinck and other French symboHsts; 
(4) Ibsen; (5) " A. E." (cf. George William Russell). 

2. Separate his poems and plays into two groups: (a) pic- 
torial treatment of old Irish subjects; (b) lyrics growing out of 
personal experience. What is your judgment of each group? 

3. His dramatic work may profitably be compared with 
Synge's (particularly his Deirdre with Synge's Deirdre of the 
Sorrows); his lyrics deaHng with mystical beauty with "A. 
E.'s " poems on similar themes. 

4. Do the effects secured by Yeats depend upon originality 
of thought, strength of feeling, subtlety of perception, fresh- 
ness or vividness of imagery, power of suggestion, beauty of 
tone-color and rhythm? or upon what combination of these 
qualities? 

5. Analyze his irregularities in metrical forms ostensibly 
regular, and determine how far his charm is due to the liber- 
ties that he takes with his verse forms. Compare him in 
this respect with Bridges and De la Mare. 

Bibliography 

Mosada: a Dramatic Poem. 1886. 

The Wanderings of Oisin. 1889. (Poem.) 

John Sherman and Dhoya. i8gi. (Stories.) 

The Countess Kathleen. 1892. (Play.) 

The Celtic Twilight. 1893. (Sketches and Tales.) 

The Poems of William Blake. 1893. 

Works of WiUiam Blake. 1893. (With E. J. Ellis.) 

* The Land of Heart's Desire. 1894. 
A Book of Irish Verse. 1895. 
Poems. 1895. 

The Secret Rose. 1897. (Stories.) 

* The Wind Among the Reeds. 1899. (Poems.) 
The Shadowy Waters. 1900. (Play.) 

* Cathleen ni Hoolihan. 1902. (Play.) 

* Ideas of Good and Evil. 1903. (Essays.) 

177 



William Butler Y eats— Continued 

In the Seven Woods. 1903. 
Hour Glass and other plays. 1904. 
The King's Threshold. 1904. (Play.) 
Dierdre. 1907. (Play.) 
* Collected Edition. 1908. (Eight volumes.) 
The Green Helmet and other Poems. 1910. 
J. M. Synge and the Ireland of his Time. 191 1. 
Plays for an Irish Theatre. 191 2. 
Responsibilities. 1914. 
Reveries. 1916. 

Per Amica Silentia Lunas. 1918. 
The Cutting of an Agate, 1919. (Essays.) 
The Wild Swans of Coole. 19 19. 
Four Plays for Dancers. 1920. 



Studies and Reviews 



Boyd. (Contemp.; Lit, Ren.) 

Clark. 

Cunliffe. 

Figgis. 

Harris, Contemporary Portraits. 

Second Series. 1920. 
Hone, J. M. William Butler 

Yeats. 1915. 
Huneker, James. Pathos of Dis- 
tance. 
Krans, H. S. William Butler Yeats 

and the Irish Literary Revival, 

1904. 
Moore, George. Hail and Farewell 

(Ave and Vale). 
More, Paul Elmer. Shelburne 

Essays First Series. 1904. 
Reid, Forrest. W. B. Yeats; a 

Critical Study. 1915. 
Russell. 
Sharp. 
Tynan. 
Weygandt. 



Contemp. 90 ('06): 472; 98 ('10): 

323; 100 ('11): 240. 
Cur. Op. 56 ('14): 294. 
Drama, No. 5 ('12): 192. 
Edin. R. 209 ('09): 94. 
Eng. Rev. 2 ('09): 148; 12 ('12): 

146; 16 ('14): 167. (George 

Moore.) 
Fortn. 76 ('01): 1050; 96 ('11): 

545- 
Forum, 52 ('14): 911. 
Ind. 77 ('14): 271. 
Liv. Age, 264 ('10): 802; 274 

('12): 317 (Chesterton); 276 

('13): 483; 281 ('14): 329. 
Lond. Times, May 2, 1919: 235. 
New Repub, 13 ('17): 100. 
No. Amer. 1 75 ('02) : 473. (William 

Sharp.) 
Quar. 195 ('02): 423; 215 Cii): 

219. 
Spec, IIS ('15): 921, 
Westm. R. 176 ('11): i. 



(Francis E.) Brett Young— novelist, poet. 

Born in 1884. Trained as a doctor. Then experimented in 
novels of different types. Sent to East Africa in War service. 

178 



Brett Young— Continued 

Suggestions for Reading 

Mackenzie suggests that Mr. Young has come under the 
successive influences of Arthur Machen, Conrad, and Bennett, 
that since the War he has been working out his own method, 
and that he will be heard of during the next decade. The 
testing of these criticisms makes an interesting piece of work. 

Bibliography 

Undergrowth, 19 13. 

Deep Sea. 1914. 

The Dark Tower. 19 15. 

The Iron Age. 1916. 

Marching on Tanga, 191 7. (War sketches.) 

The Crescent Moon. 19 19. 

Five Degrees South. 19 17. (Poems.) 

Poems. 1916-18. 1920. 

The Young Physician. 1920. 

The Tragic Bride. 1920. 

Studies and Reviews 

Ath. 1919, i: 510. Freeman, 2 ('20): 189. 

Bookm. 51 ('20): 635. (MacKen- Sat. Rev. 128 ('19): 469. 

zie.) Spec. 123 ('19): 774. 

Bookm. (Lond.) 57 ('20): 214; 58 Lond. Times, Oct. 3, 1919: 531; 

('20): 162. (Mackenzie.) Sept 9, 1920: 583. 
Bost. Trans., Apr. 2, 1919: 9; 

July 3, 1920: 6. 

Israel Zangwill — novehst, dramatist. 

Bom in London, 1864. The first interpreter of the London 
Ghetto. Practically self-educated. Teacher and journalist 
before he began his literary work. Representative books are : 

The Children of the Ghetto. 1892. (Novel.) 
The Melting Pot. 1908. (Play.) 
Jinny the Carrier. 1919. (Novel.) 

Studies and Reviews 

Bookm. (Lond.) 56 ('19): 122 (portrait); 145. 



179 



CLASSIFIED INDEXES 



I. INDEX OF POETS 



Abercrombie, Lascelles i 
" A.^ E " (George W. Russell) 144 
Aldington, Richard 2 
Aldington, Mrs. Richard ("H. D.") 

4 
Baring, Hon. Maurice 7 
Belloc, Hilaire 14 
Benson, A. C. 19 
Benson, Stella 21 
Binyon, Laurence 23 
Bottomley, Gordon 26 
Bridges, Robert 27 
Brooke, Rupert 29 
Burke, Thomas 32 
Campbell, Joseph 32 
Cannan, Gilbert 33 
Carpenter, Edward 35 
Chesterton, Gilbert K. 38 
Colum, Padraic 41 
Davies, William Henry 45 
De la Mare, Walter 47 
Doughty, Charles M. 51 
Drinkwater, John 53 
"Eastaway, Edward" (Edward 

Thomas) 162 
Flecker, J. S. 59 
Flint, F. S. 61 
Freeman, John 62 
Gale, Norman 63 
Galsworthy, John 63 
Gibson, W.W. 69 
Gosse, Edmund W. 71 
Graves, Robert 73 
"H. D." (Mrs. Richard Aldington) 

4 
Hardy, Thomas 75 
Hewlett, Maurice 81 
Higginson, Nesta (Moira O'Neill) 

82 
Hodgson, Ralph 83 
Housman, Alfred E. 84 



Hueffer, F. M. 87 

Huxley, Aldous L. 88 

Hyde, Douglas 88 

Joyce, James 92 

Kipling, Rudyard 94 

Lawrence, D. H. 97 

Ledwidge, Francis 100 

Le Gallienne, Richard 100 

Macaulay, Rose 103 

MacDonagh, Thomas 104 

MacGill, Patrick 106 

McLeod, Irene R. 109 

Masefield, John iii 

Mew, Charlotte 119 

Meynell, Alice 119 

Meynell, Viola 120 

Monro, Harold 121 

Moore, George 123 

Moore, T. Sturge 125 

Newbolt, Sir Henry 1 28 

Nichols, Robert 129 

Noyes, Alfred 130 

"O'Neill, Moira" (Nesta Higgin- 
son) 82 

"O'Sullivan, Seumas" (James 
Starkey) 157 

Owen, Wilfred 134 

Pearse, Padraic 136 

Plunkett, Joseph M. 138 

Quiller-Couch, Sir Arthur 140 

Russell, George W. C' A. E. ") 144 

Sassoon, Siegfried 145 

Shorter, Dora Sigerson 150 

Sitwell, Edith, Osbert, and Sach- 
everell 152 

Sorley, C. H. 154 

Squire, John Collings 156 

Starkey, James ("Seumas 
O'Sullivan") 157 

Stephens, James 158 

Symons, Arthur 16 1 



181 



Thomas, Edward ("Edward Watson, Sir William 169 

Eastaway") 162 Wickham, Anna 175 

Trench, Herbert 165 Woods, Margaret L. 175 

Turner, W. J. 165 Yeats, W. B. 176 

Tynan, Katherine 166 Young, Francis Brett 179 
Underbill, Evelyn, 166 



182 



2. INDEX OF DRAMATISTS 



Abercrombie, Lascelles i 

Ash ton, Winifred ("Clemence 

Dane") 6 
Baker, Elizabeth Leopold 7 
Baring, Hon. Maurice 7 
Barker, Granville 8 
Barrie, Sir James 1 1 
Beith, Sir John Hay ('^an Hay") 

14 

Bennett, Arnold 19 

Beresford, J. D. 21 

Binyon, Lawrence 23 

"Birmingham, George A." 23 

Bottomley, Gordon 26 

Boyle, William 27 

Bridges, Robert 27 

Brighouse, Harold 29 

Campbell, Joseph 32 

Cannan, Gilbert 33 

Chesterton, G. K. 38 

Clifford, Mrs. W. K. 41 

Colum, Padraic 41 

' ' Connell , Norrey s ' ' (Conal 
O'Riordan) 134 

" Dane, Clemence " (Winifred Ash- 
ton) 6 

Drinkwater, John 53 

Dunsany, Lord 54 

Ervine, St. John 55 

Fitzmaurice, George 59 

Galsworthy, John 63 



Gibson, W. W. 69 

Gregory, Lady 74 

Hannay, J. O. ("George A. Bir- 
mingham") 75 

Hardy, Thomas 75 

"Hay, Ian" (Sir John Hay Beith) 
14 

Hyde, Douglas 88 

Jerome, Jerome K. 90 

Jones, Henry Arthur 92 

Joyce, James 92 

Lawrence, D. H. 97 

Mackenzie, Compton 108 

Masefield, John 1 1 1 

Maugham, W. S. 115 

' ' May ne , Rutherford ' ' (Samuel 
Waddell) 167 

Milne, A. A. 120 

Murray, T. C. 127 

Noyes, Alfred 130 

O'Riordan, Conal ("Norreys Con- 
neU") 134 

Pinero, Sir Arthur Wing 138 

Robinson, Lennox 144 

Shaw, George Bernard 146 

Sutro, Alfred 160 

Symons, Arthur 161 

Trench, Herbert 165 

Woods, Mrs. Margaret Louise 1 75 

Yeats, W. B. 176 

Zangwill, Israel 179 



183 



3. INDEX OF NOVELISTS AND STORY WRITERS 



Agate, James E. 2 

Ashton, Winifred ("Clemence 

Dane") 6 
Bain, F. W. 7 
Barrie, Sir James 1 1 
Beerbohm, Max 13 
Beith, Sir John Hay ("Ian Hay") 

13 
Belloc, Hilaire 14 
Bennett, Arnold 19 
Benson, E, F. 19 
Benson, Stella 21 
Beresford, J. D. 21 
"Birmingham, George A." 

(J. O. Hannay) 75 
Blackwood, Algernon 23 
Bone, D. W. 25 
Buchan, John 31 
Bullock, Shan 31 
Burke, Thomas 32 
Cannan, Gilbert ^^ 
Carswell, Mrs. Catherine 38 
Chesterton, G. K. 38 
Cholmondeley, Mary 39 
Clifford, Mrs. W. K. 41 
Conrad, Joseph 42 
"Dane, Clemence" (Winifred 

Ashton) 6 
"Delafield, E. M." (E. E. M. De 

la Pasture") 49 
De la Mare, Walter 47 
De la Pasture, Edmee E. M. 

("E. M. Delafield") 49 
De la Pasture, Mrs. Henry 49 
Douglas, Norman 52 
Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan 52 
Dunsany, Lord 54 
Ervine, St. John 55 
Evans, Caradoc 56 
Fairfield, Cecily ("Rebecca 

West") 57 
Fielding-Hall, H. 58 
Findlater, Jane and Mary, 59 
Forster, E. M. 61 
Galsworthy, John 63 
George, W. L. 66 
Gibbon, Perceval 68 



Gibbs, Sir Philip 68 
Gold ring, Douglas 70 
Graham, R. B. Cunninghame 71 
Gwynn, Stephen 74 
Hannay, J. O. ("George A. 

Birmingham") 75 
Hardy, Thomas 75 
Harrison, Mary St. Leger ("Lucas 

Malet") 80 
Hawkins, Sir Anthony Hope ("An- 
thony Hope") 80 
"Hay, Ian" (Sir John Hay Beith) 

14 
Henham, Ernest G. ("John 

Travena") 81 
Hewlett, Maurice 81 
Hichens, Robert 82 
"Hope, Anthony" (Sir Anthony 

Hope Hawkins) 80 
Hudson, W. H. 84 
Hueffer, F. M. 87 
Huxley, Aldous L. 88 
Jacobs, W. W. 90 
Jameson, Margaret Storm 90 
Jesse, F. Tennyson 91 
Johnston, Sir Harry H. 91 
Joyce, James 92 
Kaye-Smith, Sheila 93 
Kipling, Rudyard 94 
Lawrence, D. H. 97 
Leadbitter, Eric 99 
" Lee, Vernon " (Violet Paget) 135 
Locke, William J. loi 
Lewis, Wyndham loi 
Lucas, E. V. 102 
Lucas, St. John 102 
Lyons, Neil 103 
Macaulay, Rose 103 
MacFarlan, Alexander 105 
McFee, William 105 
MacGill, Patrick 106 
Machen, Arthur 106 
McKenna, Stephen 107 
Mackenzie, Compton 108 
Macnaughtan, S. B. no 
"Maiet, Lucas" (Mary St. Leger 

Harrison) 80 



184 



Marriott, Charles no 
Marshall, Archibald iir 
Masefield, John in 
Mason, A. E. W. 114 
Maugham, W. S. 115 
Merrick, Leonard 117 
Meynell, Viola 119 
Monkhouse, Allen N. 121 
Montagu, C. E. 122 
Moore, George 123 
Munro, H. H. C'Saki") 126 
Munro, Neil 127 
Nevinson, H. W. 128 
Newbolt, Sir Henry 128 
Niven, Frederick 129 
Noble, Edward 130 
O'Donovan, Gerald 132 
O'Kelly, Seumas 132 
Oldmeadow, Ernest 133 
OUivant, Alfred 133 
Onions, Oliver 133 
O'Riordan, Conal 134 
Paget, Violet ("Vernon Lee ") 135 
Palmer, John 135 
Paterson, W. R. ("Benjamin 

Swift") 136 
Philpotts, Eden 137 
Pickthall, M. W. 137 
Prior, James 138 
Pryce, Richard 139 
Pugh, Edwin 139 
Quiller-Couch, Sir Arthur 140 
Reeves, Amber (Mrs. Blanco 

White) 140 
Reid, Forrest 141 



Richardson, Dorothy 142 

Ridge, W. Pett 143 

Robinson, S. Lennox 144 

"Saki" (H.H. Munro) 126 

Sedgwick, Anne Douglas 146 

Shaw, G. B. 147 

Sidgwick, Ethel 150 

Sinclair, May 151 

Snaith, J. C. 154 

Somerville, E. CE. and Ross, 
Martin (Violet Martin) 154 

Steel, Flora Annie 157 

Stephens, James 158 

Stern, G. B. 159 

"Stevenson, George" 159 

"Swift, Benjamin" (W. R. Pater- 
son) 136 

Swinnerton, Frank A. 160 

Thurston, E. Temple 164 

"Trevena, John" (Ernest G. 
Henham) 81 

Tynan, Katherine 166 

Underbill, Evelyn 166 

VacheU, H. A. 167 

Walpole, Hugh S. 167 

Waugh, Alec 168 

Wedmore, Sir Frederick 170 

Wells, H.G. 171 

"West, Rebecca" (Cecily Fair- 
field) 57 

Willcocks, M. P. 175 

Woolf, Virginia 176 

Young, Francis Brett 179 

Zangwill, Israel 179 



185 



4. INDEX OF SHORT STORY WRITERS 



Bain, F. W. 7 
Barrie, Sir James 1 1 
Beerbohm, Max 13 
Bennett, Arnold 16 
"Birmingham, George A." 75 
Blackwood, Algernon 23 
Bullock, Shan 31 
Burke, Thomas 32 
Chesterton, G. K. 38 
Clifford, Sir Hugh 40 
Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan 52 
Dunsany, Lord 54 
Evans, Caradoc 56 
Galsworthy, John 63 
George, W. L. 66 
Gibbon, Perceval 68 
Hannay, J. O. ("George A. Bir- 
mingham") 75 
Hardy, Thomas 75 
Hewlett, Maurice 81 
Hueffer, F. M. 87 



Huxley, Aldous 88 
Jacks, L. P 89 
Jacobs, W. W. 90 
Kipling, Rudyard 94 
Lyons, Neil 103 
Mansfield, Katherine 
Mayne, Ethel Colburn 
Merrick, Leonard 117 
Moore, George 123 
Munro, H. H. ('Saki") 
Nevinson, H. W. 128 
Pugh, Edwin 139 
Quiller-Couch, Sir Arthur 
Ridge, W. Pett 143 
"Saki" (H.H. Munro) 127 
Somerville, E. CE,, and Ross, Mar- 
tin 154 
Wedmore, Sir Frederick 170 
Wells, H.G. 171 
Zangwill, Israel 179 



no 
116 



127 



140 



1S6 



5. INDEX OF WRITERS OF ESSAYS, SKETCHES, BELLES- 
LETTRES, TRAVELS 



"BarbeUion, W. N. B." (Bruce 

Cummings) 45 
Baring, Hon. Maurice 7 
Beerbohm, Max 13 
Belloc, Hilaire 14 
Bennett, Arnold 19 
Benson, A. C. 19 
Burke, Thomas 32 
Carpenter, Edward 35 
Chesterton, G. K. 38 
Clifford, Sir Hugh 40 
Cummings, Bruce ("W. N. P. 

BarbeUion") 45 
Dickinson, G. Lowes 50 
Doughty, Charles M. 51 
Douglas, Norman 52 
"Eagle, Solomon" (J. C. Squire) 

156 
Fielding-Hall, H. 58 
Galsworthy, John 63 
George, W. L. 66 
Gibbon, Perceval 68 
Gibbs, Sir Philip 68 
Graham, R. B. Cunninghame 71 
Graham, Stephen 72 



Gregory, Lady 74 

Gwynn, Stephen 74 

Hewlett, Maurice 81 

Hudson, W.H. 84 

Huxley, Aldous L. 88 

Jacks, L. P. 89 

Jerome, Jerome K. 90 

"Lee Vernon " (Violet Paget) 135 

Le Gallienne, Richard 100 

Lucas, E. V. 102 

Meynell, Alice 120 

Miljie, A. A, 120 

Moore, George 123 

Murray, Gilbert 127 

Nevinson, H. W. 128 

Paget, Violet ("Vernon Lee") 135 

Quiller-Couch, Sir Arthur 140 

Squire, J. C. ("Solomon Eagle") 

156 
Symons, Arthur 161 
Tomlinson, H. M. 164 
Wedmore, Sir Frederick 170 
Wells, H. G. 171 
Yeats, W. B. 176 



187 



6. INDEX OF CRITICS 



Abercrombie, Lascelles 2 

Agate, James E. 2 

Archer, William 5 

Beerbohm, Max 13 

Bridges, Robert 27 

Buchan, John 31 

Bullock, Shan 31 

Chesterton, G. K. 39 

Clutton-Brock, Arthur 14 

Drinkwater, John 53 

"Eagle, Solomon" (J. C. Squire) 

156 
Fairfield, Cecily ("Rebecca 

West") 57 
Flint, F. S. 61 
Forster, E. M. 61 
Freeman, John 62 
Garnett, Edward 66 
George, W. L. 66 
Goldring, Douglas 70 
Gosse, Edmund 71 
Jameson, Margaret Storm go 
"Lee, Vernon" (Violet Paget) 135 



13 



140 



Meynell, Alice 119 

Montague, C. E. 122 

Moore, George 123 

Moore, T. Sturge 125 

Nevinson, H. W. 128 

Paget, Violet ("Vernon Lee ") 

Palmer, John 135 

Pugh, Edwin W. 139 

Quiller-Couch, Sir Arthur 

Reid, Forrest 141 

Rhys, Ernest 141 

Russell, George W. 144 

Scott, Dixon 146 

Shaw, G. B. 147 

Squire, J. C. ("Solomon 
Eagle") 156 

Swinnerton, Frank 160 

Symons, Arthur 161 

Thomas, Edward 162 

Wedmore, Sir Frederick (art) 170 

"West, Rebecca" (Cecily Fair- 
field) 57 



188 



7. INDEX OF ENGLISH, IRISH, SCOTTISH, AND WELSH 
WRITERS 



ENGLISH 

Abercrombie, Lascelles i 

Agate, James E. 2 

Aldington, Richard 2 

Aldington, Mrs. Richard (**H. 
D."), American by birth 4 

Ashton, Winifred ("Clemence 
Dane") 6 

Bain, F. W. 7 

Baker, Elizabeth L. 7 

"Barbellion, W. N. P, (Bruce 
Cummings) 45 

Baring, Hon. Maurice 7 

Barker, Granville 8 

Beerbohm, Max 13 

Belloc, Hilaire (French father) 14 

Bennett, Arnold 19 

Benson, A. C. 19 

Benson, E. F. 20 

Benson, Stella 21 

Beresford, J. D. 21 

Binyon, Laurence 23 

Blackwood, Algernon 23 

Bone, D. W. 25 

Bottomley, Gordon 26 

Bridges, Robert 27 

Brighouse, Harold 29 

Brooke, Rupert 29 

Burke, Thomas (Irish ances- 
try) 32 

Cannan, Gilbert S3 

Carpenter, Edward 35 

Chesterton, G. K. 38 

Cholmondeley, Mary 40 

Clifford, Sir Hugh 40 

Clifford, Mrs. W. K. 41 

Clutton-Brock, Arthur 41 

Conrad, Joseph (Polish ances- 
try; naturalized) 42 

Cummings, Bruce ("W. N. P. 
Barbellion") 45 

"Dane, Clemence" (Winifred 
Ashton) 6 

"Delafield, E. M." (E. E. M. De 
la Pasture) 49 

De la Mare, Walter 47 



De la Pasture, E. E. M. (" E. M. 

Delafield") 49 
De la Pasture, Mrs. Henry 49 
Dickinson, G, Lowes 50 
Doughty, Charles 51 
Drinkwater, John 53 
* ' Eastaway , Edward ' ' (Edward 

Thomas) 162 
Flecker, J. E. 59 
Flint, F. S. 61 
Forster, E. M. 61 
Freeman, John 62 
Gale, Norman 62 
Galsworthy, John 63 
Garnett, Edward 66 
George, W.L. 66 
Gibbon, Perceval 68 
Gibbs, Sir Philip 68 
Gibson, W. W. 69 
Graham, Stephen 72 
Graves, Robert 73 
Hardy, Thomas 75 
Harrison, Mary St. Leger ("Lucas 

Malet") 80 
Hawkins, Sir Anthony Hope 80 
"H. D." (Mrs. Richard Aldington) 

4 
Henham, Ernest G. ("John 

Trevena") 81 
Hewlett, Maurice 81 
Hichens, Robert 82 
Hodgson, Ralph 83 
"Hope, Anthony" (Sir Anthony 

Hope Hawkins) 80 
Housman, A. E. 84 
Hudson, W. H. (born in South 

America) 84 
Hueffer, F. M. 87 
Huxley, Aldous L. 88 
Jacks, L, P. 89 
Jacobs, W. W, 90 
Jameson, Margaret Storm 90 
Jerome, Jerome K. 90 
Jesse, F. Tennyson 91 
Johnston, Sir Harry 91 
Jones, H. A. 92 



189 



Kaye-Smith, Sheila 93 

Kipling, Rudyard 94 

Lawrence, D. H. 97 

Leadbitter, Eric 99 

"Lee, Vernon" (Violet Paget) 135 

Le Gallienne, Richard 100 

Locke, W. J. loi 

Lucas, E. V. 102 

Lucas, St. John 102 

Lyons, Neil (born in South Africa) 
103 

Macaulay, Rose 103 

McFee, William 105 

McKenna, Stephen 107 

Mackenzie, Compton 108 

Macnaughtan, S. no 

"Malet, Lucas" (Mary St. Leger 
Harrison) 80 

Marriott, Charles no 

Marshall, Archibald in 

Masefield, John in 

Maugham, W. S. 115 

Mayne, Ethel Colburn 116 

McLeod, Irene Rutherford 109 

Merrick, Leonard 117 

Meynell, Alice 119 

Meynell, Viola 120 

Milne, A. A. 120 

Monro, Harold 121 

Montague, C. E. 122 

Moore, T. Sturge 125 

Murray, Gilbert (born in Au- 
stralia) 127 

Nevinson, H. W. 128 

Newbolt, Sir Henry 128 

Nichols, Robert 129 

Noyes, Alfred 130 

Ollivant, Alfred 133 

Onions, Oliver 133 

Owen, Wilfred 134 

Paget, Violet ("Vernon Lee ") 135 

Palmer, John 135 

Philpotts, Eden 137 

Pickthall, Mftrmaduke 137 

Pinero, Sir Arthur Wing 138 

Prior, James 138 

Pryce, Richard 139 

Pugh, Edwin 139 

Quiller-Couch, Sir Arthur (Cor- 
nish) 140 

Reeves, Amber (Mrs. Blanco 
White) (New Zealander) 140 



Richardson, Dorothy M. 142 

Ridge, W. Pett 143 

Sassoon, Siegfried 145 

Scott, Dixon 146 

Sedgwick, Anne Douglas (born in 
America) 146 

Sidgwick, Ethel 150 

Sinclair, May 151 

Sitwell, Edith, Osbert, and Sach- 
everell 152 

Snaith, J. C. 154 

Squire, J. C. 156 

Stern, G. B. 159 

Sutro, Alfred 160 

Swinnerton, Frank 160 

Symons, Arthur (Cornish) 161 

Thomas, Edward ("Edward East- 
away") 162 

Tomlinson, H. M. 064 

"Trevena, John" (Ernest G. 
Henham) 80 

Turner, W. J. 165 

Underhill, Evelyn (Mrs. Stuart 
Moore) 166 

Vachell, H. A. 167 

Walpole, Hugh 167 

Watson, Sir William 169 

Waugh, Alec 169 

Wedmore, Sir Frederick 170 

Wells, H.G. 171 

"West, Rebecca" (Cecily Fair- 
field) 57 

Willcocks, M. P. 175 

Woods, Mrs. Margaret 175 

Woolf, Virginia 176 

Zangwill, Israel (Jewish) 179 

IRISH 

"A. E " (George W. RusseU) 2 

Boyle, William 27 

Bullock, Shan 31 

Campbell, Joseph 32 

Colum Padraic 41 

Dunsany, Lord 54 

Ervine, St. John 55 

Fielding-Hall, H. 58 

Gregory, Lady 74 

Gwynn, Stephen 74 

Hannay, J. O. ("George A. 

Birmingham") 75 
Hyde, Douglas 88 



190 



Joyce, James 92 

Ledwidge, Francis 100 

MacDonagh, Thomas 104 

MacGill, Patrick 106 

"Mayne, Rutherford" (Samuel 
Waddell) 167 

Moore, George 123 

Murray T. C. 127 

O'Donovan, Gerald 132 

O'Kelly, Seumas 132 

"O'Neill, Moira" (Nesta Higgin- 
son) 82 

O'Riordan, Conal 134 

"O'Sullivan Seumas" (James 
Starkey) 157 

Pearse, Padraic 136 

Plunkett, Joseph Mary 138 

Robinson, Lennox 144 

Russell, George W. ("A. E.") 144 

Shaw G. B. 147 

Shorter, Dora Sigerson 149 

Somerville, E. CE., and Ross, 
Martin 154 

Starkey, James ("Seumas O'Sul- 
livan") 157 

Stephens, James 158 

Thurston, E. Temple 164 

Trench, Herbert 165 

Tynan, Katherine 166 



Waddell, Samuel 

Mayne") 167 
Yeats, W. B. 176 



("Rutherford 



SCOTTISH 

Archer, William 5 

Barrie, Sir James 1 1 

Beith, John Hay ("Ian Hay") 14 

Buchan, John 31 

Carswell, Catherine 38 

Findlater, Jane and Mary 59 

"Hay, Ian" (Sir John Hay Beith) 

14 

Munro, Neil 127 

Niven, Frederick 129 

Paterson, W. R. ("Benjamin 
Swift") 136 

Sorley, C. H. 154 

"Swift, Benjamin" (W. R. Pater- 
son) 136 

WELSH 

Davies, W. H. 45 

Evans, Caradoc 56 

Gibbon, Perceval 68 

Lewis, P. Wyndham (half) loi 

Machen, Arthur 106 

Webb, Mary 170 



191 



AUTHORS GROUPED ACCORDING TO SUBJECT 
MATTER AND LOCAL COLOR 

(This list is not complete but merely suggestive) 



Africa 

Buchan, John 

Graham, R. B, Cunninghame 
Gibbon, Perceval 
Hichens, Robert 
Pickthall, Marmaduke 
Young, Francis Brett 

Animals 

Galsworthy, John 
Hodgson, Ralph 
Hudson, W. H. 

Biblical Material 
Abercrombie, Lascelles 
Moore, George (The Brook 
Kerith) 

Burma 

Clifford, Sir Hugh 
Fielding-Hall, H. 

Children 

Barrie, Sir James Matthew 
Blackwood, Algernon 
De la Mare, Walter 
Walpole, Hugh 

Classical World (Greece and 
Rome) 
Abercrombie, Lascelles 
Aldington, Richard 
Aldington, Mrs. Richard 
Bridges, Robert 
Dickinson, G. Lowes 
Moore, T. Sturge 
Murray, Gilbert 

Cornwall 

Beresford, J. D. 
Hudson, W. H. 



Cornwall — Cont'd 
Mackenzie, Compton 
Quiller-Couch, Sir Arthur 
''Trevena, John" 
Walpole, Hugh 

Derbyshire 
Lawrence, D. H. 

Devonshire 

Galsworthy, John 
Philpotts, Eden 

Dorsetshire 
Hardy, Thomas 

Egypt 
Hichens, Robert 
Pickthall, Marmaduke 

France 

Locke, W. J. 
Merrick, Leonard 
Pryce, Richard 
Vachell, H. A. 
Wedmore, Sir Frederick 

Germany 
Richardson, Dorothy 

Historical Background 
Abercrombie, Lascelles 
Belloc, Hilaire 
Bottomley, Gordon (The Riding 

to Lithend) 
Buchan, John 
Dickinson, G. Lowes 
Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan 
Drinkwater, John 
Hardy, Thomas (The Dynasts) 
Hewlett, Maurice 



192 



i I 



Historical Background — Confd 
Masefield, John 
Moore, George (The Brook 

Kerith) 
Munro, Neil 
Noyes, Alfred 
Prior, James 

Imaginary Background 
Blackwood, Algernon 
Dunsany, Lord 
Stephens, James 
Yeats, W. B. 

India 
Bain, F. W. 
Carpenter, Edward (From 

Adam's Peak to Elephanta) 
Dickinson, G. Lowes 
KipUng, Rudyard 
Steel, Flora Annie 

Ireland 

"Birmingham, George A." 

Boyle, William 

Bullock, Shan 

Campbell, Joseph 

Colum, Padraic 

"Connell, Norreys " 

Ervine, St. John 

Fitzmaurice, George 

Gregory, Lady 

Hinkson, Katharine Tynan 

Hyde, Douglas 

Joyce, James 

Ledwidge, Francis 

MacDonagh, Thomas 

MacGill, Patrick 

"Mayne, Rutherford" 

Moore, George 

Murray, T. C. 

O'Donovan, Gerald 

O'KeUy, Seumas 

"O'Neill," Moira (Nesta Hig- 

ginson, Mrs. Skrine) 
O'Riordan, Conal ("Norreys 

Connell") 
"O'Sullivan, Seumas" 
Pearse, Padraic 
Plunket, Joseph Mary 
Reid, Forrest 
Robinson, Lennox 



Ireland — Cont'd 
Russell, George William 
Shaw, George Bernard 
Shorter, Dora Sigerson 
Somerville, E. OE. and Ross, 

Martin 
Stephens, James 
Trench, Herbert 
Yeats, W. B. 

Italy 

Douglas, Norman 
Forster, E. M. 
Hewlett, Maurice 

Jews 

Cannan, Gilbert 
Stern, G. B. 
Zangwill, Israel 

London 

Baker, Elizabeth (suburbs) 

Barker, Granville 

Beerbohm, Max (about town) 

Bennett, Arnold 

Beresford, J. D. 

Burke, Thomas (Chinatown) 

Cannan, Gilbert 

Chesterton, G. K. 

Conrad, Joseph (The Secret 

Agent) 
Flint, F. S. 
Galsworthy, John 
George, W. L. 
Jacobs, W. W. (Thames) 
Lyons, Neil 
Mackenzie, Compton 
Maugham, W. S. 
Merrick, Leonard 
Moore, George 
Morrison, Arthur (East End) 
Nevinson, Henry W. (East End) 
Pugh, Edwin (East End) 
Ridge, W. Pett (East End) 
Swinnerton, Frank 
Walpole, Hugh 
Zangwill, Israel (East End) 

Manchester 
Brighouse, Harold 
Cannan, Gilbert 
Drinkwater, John 
Montague, C. E. 



193 



Malaysia 

Cliflford, Sir Hugh 
Conrad, Joseph 
Fielding-Hall, H. 

Mexico 

Graham, R. B. Cunninghame 

Nature 

"Barbellion, W. N. P." 
Davies, W. H. 
Hudson, W. H. 

Newcastle-under-Lyme (the 
Five Towns) 
Bennett, Arnold 

Northumberland 
Gibson, W. W. 

Nottinghamshire 
Prior, James 

Paris 

Bennett, Arnold 
Lewis, Wyndham, Tarr 
Moore, George 

Psycho-analysis 

Huxley, Aldous, Limbo 

Jacks, L. P. 

Sedgwick, Anne Douglas (The 

Third Window) 
"West Rebecca" (The Return 

of the Soldier) 

Political life 

Barker, Granville (Waste) 
McKenna, Stephen 

Russia 

Baring, Hon. Maurice 
Conrad, Joseph (Under Western 

Eyes) 
Graham, Stephen 
Walpole, Hugh (The Dark 
Forest, The Secret City) 

School life 

"Dane, Clemence " (Regiment 

of Women) 
Kipling, Rudyard (Stalky & 

Co.) 



School Life — Cont'd 
Leadbitter, Eric 
Lucas, St. John 
McFee, William 
Reid, Forrest 
Richardson, Dorothy 
Sorley, C. H. 
Vachell, H. A. (The Hill) 
Walpole, Hugh 
Waugh, Alec 

Science 

"Barbellion,W. N. P." 
Blackwood, Algernon 
Wells, H. G. 

Scotland 

Barrie, Sir James 

Buchan, John 

Carswell, Catherine (Open the 

Door) 
Findlater, Jane and Mary 
Graham, R. B. Cunninghame 
MacGill, Patrick (The Rat Pit) 
Munro, Neil 
"Swift, Benjamin" (Nancy 

Noon) 

Sea 

Bone, David W. 
Conrad, Joseph 
Kipling, Rudyard 
Masefield, John 
McFee, William 
Niven, Frederick 
Newbolt, Sir Henry 
Noble, Edward 
Noyes, Alfred 

Shropshire 
Housman, A. E. 
Masefield, John 

Society 

Benson, E. F. 
Cholmondeley, Mary 
"Delafield, E. M." 
De la Pasture, Mrs. Henry 
Harrison, Mary St. Leger 
("Lucas Malet") 
Hawkins, Sir Anthony Hope 
Hichens, Robert 



194 



Society — Cont'd 
Jones, Henry Arthur 
McKenna, Stephen 
Marshall, Archibald 
Mason, A. E. W. 
Pinero, Sir Arthur Wing 
Sedgwick, Anne Douglas 
Sidgwick, Ethel 
Snaith, J. C. 
Sutro, Alfred 
Wal'pole, Hugh 

South America 
Conrad, Joseph 
Graham, R. B. Cunninghame, 
Hudson, W. H. 

South Seas 
Brooke, Rupert 

Maugham, W. S. (The Moon 
and Sixpence) 

Stage 

Cannan, Gilbert, Mummery- 
Mackenzie, Compton 
Merrick, Leonard 
Moore, George (A. Mummer's 

Wife) 
Wedmore, Sir Frederick 

Supernatural 

Bennett, Arnold (The Glimpse) 

Blackwood, Algernon 

Clifford, Mrs. W. K. (Miss 

Fingal) 
De la Mare, Walter 
Forster, E. M. (The Celestial 

Omnibus) 
Machen, Arthur 

Sussex 
Kaye-Smith, Sheila 

Travels 

Belloc, Hilaire 

Graham, R. B. Cunninghame 
Doughty, Charles 
Douglas, Norman 
Fielding-Hall, H. 
Hudson, W. H. 



United States 

Bennett, Arnold (These United 
States) 

Brooke, Rupert (Letters) 

Davies, W. H. (Autobiography 
of a Super-tramp) 

Dickinson, G. Lowes (Appear- 
ances) 

Drinkwater, John (Abraham 
Lincoln) 

George, W. L. 

Kaye-Smith Sheila (The Chal- 
lenge to Sirius) 

KipHng, Rudyard 

Mackenzie, Compton (The Early 
History of Sylvia Scarlett) 

Niven, Frederick 

Shaw, George Bernard (The 
Showing-up of Blanco Posnet) 

Vachell, H. A. ' 

WeUs, H. G. 

University Life 
Beerbohm, Max (Zuleika Dob- 
son) 
Huxley, Aldous 
Mackenzie, Compton 
Walpole, Hugh 

Wales 

Evans, Caradoc 
Onions, Oliver 
Webb, Mary 

War 
Agate, James Evershed 
Aldington, Richard 
Baring, Hon. Maurice 
Barrie, Sir James Matthew 
Belloc, Hilaire 
Bennett. Arnold 
Binyon, Laurence 
Bone, David W. 
Brooke, Rupert 
Buchan, John 
"Eastaway, Edward" 
Gibbs, Sir Philip 
Gibson, W. W. 
Graham, Stephen 
Graves, Robert 
Hardy, Thomas 
"Hay, Ian" 



195 






WAR-Cont'd WAR-C»«/'rf 

Wnns^keh"'- Sa's'sS-n, Siegfried 

MacGiU pitriclc Sinclair May (Tasker Jevons) 

Kenzie, e" Compton SitweU Osbert and Sacheverell 

Masefield, John „?,^', h„„1, nhe Daric 

sKr- 3ftcri?^u.r 

Noble, Edward WeUs, H. G. 

Noyes, Alfred 

Owen Wilfred ^^c^'^'l^'f M.v 

Palmer, John Sinclair, May 



196 



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